Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors via Spray Coating of a New Electrochromic Donor–Acceptor Polymer

Guo, Yitong; Li, Weishuo; Yu, Hongtao; Perepichka, Dmitrii F.; Meng, Hong

doi:10.1002/aenm.201601623

Cited by 149 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The unique electrochromic and redox properties of the poly(chalcogenoviologen)s allowed us to further develop a “smart” battery (in which the charged/discharged states are visible) and explore the field of flexible hybrid visual electronics . A flexible electrochromic battery was fabricated using ITO‐coated PET as a current collector and an EC gel of 4 d as an electrode material (Figure d).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochromic Poly(chalcogenoviologen)s as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Organic Radical Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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As eries of electrochromic electron-accepting poly-(chalcogenoviologen)s with multiple,s table,a nd reversible redox centers were used as anodic materials in organic radical lithium-ion batteries (ORLIBs). The introduction of heavy atoms (S,S e, and Te)i nto the viologen scaffold significantly improved the capacity and cycling stability of the ORLIBs. Notably,the poly(Te-BnV) anode was able to intercalate 20 Li ions and showed higher conductivity and insolubility in the electrolyte,t hus contributing to ar eversible capacity of 502 mAh g À1 at 100 mA g À1 when the Coulombic efficiency approached 100 %. The charged/discharged state of flexible electrochromic batteries fabricated from these anodic materials could be monitored visually owingt ot he unique electrochromic and redox properties of the materials.T his study opens ap romising avenue for the development of organic polymer-based electrodes for flexible hybrid visual electronics.Viologens (RV 2+ )a re electron-accepting organic molecules based on diquaternized 4,4'-bipyridine moieties.U nder an applied voltage or direct illumination, viologens can undergo at wo-step reversible one-electron reduction with obvious color changes.This phenomenon, commonly observed for the radical species of viologens (RV 2+ + e À $ RV + C;RV + C + e À $ RV), [1] has been explored in electrochromic devices (ECDs), [2] molecular machines, [3] and organic batteries, [4] among other applications. [5] Owing to their synthetic versatility and the ready tunability of their redox properties, [6] the development of viologen-based energy-storage devices has increased dramatically over the past decades. [7] Theexcellent redox properties and unique radical states of viologens make them exceptional electrode candidates for an ew generation of energy-storage devices,s uch as inorganic/organic Li/Na/ Mg ion batteries, [8] aqueous organic redox flow batteries, [9] organic radical batteries, [10] lithium-oxygen batteries, [11] and others. [12] As ap romising emerging technology for energy storage, [13] ORBs have shown several advantages as compared to previously reported inorganic [14] and polymeric materials, [15] such as no need for rare metals,r eady tunability of redox properties,g reater safety,a nd design flexibility at the molecular level, but the development of such batteries has still been limited. [16] Reported ORBs suffered from poor performance,f or example,l ow cell capacity and stability, owing to fewer redox states and low specific energy.T herefore,t he development of novel viologen derivatives with multiple stable redox centers and higher specific energy could dramatically enhance the performance and expand the limits of ORBs. [8c] Thei ntroduction of chalcogen atoms into organic conjugated scaffolds could enhance the electron mobility of the compounds in terms of greater mass and polarizability. [17] However,t he inherent toxicity and shortage of heavychalcogenide resources may limit their application. The development of novel chalcogenides with low toxicity,l ow chalcoge...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33] Af lexible electrochromic battery was fabricated using ITO-coated PET as acurrent collector and an EC gel of 4d as an electrode material (Figure 3d). [33] Af lexible electrochromic battery was fabricated using ITO-coated PET as acurrent collector and an EC gel of 4d as an electrode material (Figure 3d).…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic Poly(chalcogenoviologen)s as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Organic Radical Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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“…Due to the electrochemical reduction/oxidation process, some active materials in energy storage devices have shown the ability to reversibly change their colors . This electrochromic (EC) feature can be integrated with supercapacitors to monitor the real‐time charge/discharge working states by simply visual inspection, while allowing reliable energy storage.…”

Section: Functionalization Of Micro‐supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Micro‐Supercapacitor Design, Integration, and Functionalization

et al. 2018

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Owing to the advantages of high power density, fast charge/discharge rates, as well as long lifetime, micro‐supercapacitors have drawn much attention for their potential application in miniaturized electronics. Great progress has been made in recent years. On the one hand, many efforts have been devoted to the design and fabrication of high‐performance miniaturized supercapacitors. On the other hand, integration of micro‐supercapacitors with multiple functional materials and devices has emerged with the development of portable and wearable microelectronics. This review first discusses the recent progress of fabrication methods and strategies in the micro‐supercapacitor field. The recent reports on integration of micro‐supercapacitors with smart functions, for instance, self‐charging, self‐protection, electrochromism, self‐healing, sensing, stretchability, as well as photo‐switchimg, are summarized. The perspectives on micro‐fabrication strategies and integrated multifunctionalities of smart micro‐supercapacitors are provided at the end.

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“…Compared with transition metal oxides/hydroxides and conducting polymers, which can offer higher electrochemical energy storage abilities arising from the Faradaic redox reaction than those of carbon‐based materials, several metal phosphides and phosphates show much better electrical conductivity or flexibility in terms of tuning the nano‐ and meso‐structures . They are also much more stable than the common conducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene, and their derivatives .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While carbon-based, transition metal oxide/hydroxide-based materials and some conducting polymers have been widely investigated for application in supercapacitors, considerable attention is being switched into metal phosphides/phosphates more recently, due to their high electric conductivity, theoretical specific capacitance, high chemical stability, non-toxicity and high abundance and therefore low cost. [24][25][26] Compared with transition metal oxides/hydroxides and conducting polymers, which can offer higher electrochemical energy storage abilities arising from the Faradaic redox reaction than those of carbon-based materials, [27][28][29] several metal phosphides and phosphates show much better electrical conductivity or flexibility in terms of tuning the nano-and mesostructures. [30,31] They are also much more stable than the common conducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene, and their derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Phosphides and Phosphates‐based Electrodes for Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Elshahawy

Guan

et al. 2017

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Phosphorus compounds, such as metal phosphides and phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage, which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years. Some of these metal phosphides and phosphates and their hybrids compare favorably with transition metal oxides/hydroxides, which have been studied extensively as a class of electrode materials for supercapacitor applications, where they have limitations in terms of electrical and ion conductivity and device stability. To be specific, metal phosphides have both metalloid characteristics and good electric conductivity. For metal phosphates, the open-framework structures with large channels and cavities endow them with good ion conductivity and charge storage capacity. In this review, we present the recent progress on metal phosphides and phosphates, by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitors. The synthesis methods to prepare these metal phosphides/phosphates are looked into, together with the scientific insights involved, as they strongly affect the electrochemical energy storage performance. Particular attentions are paid to those hybrid-type materials, where strong synergistic effects exist. In the summary, the future perspectives and challenges for the metal phosphides, phosphates and hybrid-types are proposed and discussed.

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Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors via Spray Coating of a New Electrochromic Donor–Acceptor Polymer

Cited by 149 publications

References 37 publications

Electrochromic Poly(chalcogenoviologen)s as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Organic Radical Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Electrochromic Poly(chalcogenoviologen)s as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Organic Radical Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Recent Progress in Micro‐Supercapacitor Design, Integration, and Functionalization

Metal Phosphides and Phosphates‐based Electrodes for Electrochemical Supercapacitors

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