Flexible and tailorable quasi‐solid‐state rechargeable Ag/Zn microbatteries with high performance

Abstract

The recent boom in flexible and wearable electronics requires their power sources not only to be adequately compact but also could undergo extreme deformation without significant degradation in performance. Here, flexible and tailorable quasi‐solid‐state microsized Ag/Zn batteries (micro‐AZBs) were designed by combining mask‐assisted spray printing and electrochemical deposition strategies. The micro‐AZBs display ultrastable output voltage, excellent energy, and power densities, as well as stable cycling performance. Furthermore, the micro‐AZBs with desired shapes can be designed in series or in parallel on a flexible chip to output improved voltage or current with the internal connection. More importantly, the microelectrodes could be sprayed on various substrates. Flexible micro‐AZBs could be achieved on flexible substrates and tailorable micro‐AZBs are obtained when they are fabricated on clothes. They exhibit stable electrochemical performance even under bending or cutting states. The novel design of such quasi‐solid‐state micro‐AZBs would pave a way for the miniaturization and integration of energy storage devices.

A Flexible Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Microbattery with Unprecedented Energy Density

“…[64] capacity of 828 and 685 μAh cm −2 (Figure S15, Supporting Information), respectively, which is significantly higher than reported high-performance MBs or ion MSCs. [12,[15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23][52][53][54][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] Volumetrically, the manufactured ZIDMB can deliver a maximum volumetric specific capacity of 1360.8 mAh cm −3 at the current density of 1.41 A cm −3 (Figure 3h; Figure S16, Supporting Information), which is the highest value among all the aqueous MBs [15][16][17]21,23,53,55,57] (Figure S17, Supporting Information). Such excellent electrochemical performance implies that the generated I 3 − during charging is firmly adsorbed on the HCNT-O cathode surface to suppress the shuttling effect.…”

“…[24,58,59,61,66] c) Ragone plot comparison of ZIDMBs to previously reported aqueous MBs, [15][16][17]21,23,56,57] high-performance organic MBs, [10,12,14,53,[59][60][61] and Zn-and Li-ion MSCs. [62,63,67] d) Comparison of the areal energy density of the constructed ZIDMBs with that of all reported aqueous MBs, [15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23]52,53,[55][56][57] organic MBs, [10,12,24,[58][59][60][61] and high-performance Zn-and Li-ion MSCs. [62][63][64]67] www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com Adv.…”

“…[14] Particularly, aqueous zinc-ion MBs (AZMBs) have attracted much interest due to their merits of low cost, high safety, high theoretical capacity, and easy operation in air. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Unfortunately, AZMBs such as Zn//MnO 2 and Zn//MnO x /polypyrrole MBs only exhibit a low volumetric energy density of ≤21 mWh cm −3 . [15,16] To improve the electrochemical performance, Hao et al designed an on-chip Ni-Zn MB by pairing a hierarchically ordered porous Ni@Ni(OH) 2 cathode with a Zn anode and achieved a high volumetric energy density of 120 mWh cm −3 and areal energy density of 260 μWh cm −2 at the same time.…”

“…However, for all reported AZMBs, their maximum volumetric energy density and areal energy density are less than 120 mWh cm −3 and 1000 μWh cm −2 , respectively. [15][16][17][19][20][21][22] Alternatively, researchers have drastically increased the areal loading of active materials and obtained MBs with ultrahigh areal energy density, but the volumetric energy density of the device was greatly sacrificed. [23][24][25] Therefore, it is still challenging to find a simple and effective strategy to simultaneously achieve ultrahigh areal and volumetric energy density for AZMBs.…”

“…a) Cycle performance of ZIDMBs at 10 mA cm −2 . b) Contrast of cycling stability between ZIDMBs and all available AZMBs,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]52,[54][55][56][57]65] aqueous sodium-ion MBs[53] or most high-performance organic MBs [24,58,59,61,66]. c) Ragone plot comparison of ZIDMBs to previously reported aqueous MBs,[15][16][17]21,23,56,57] high-performance organic MBs,[10,12,14,53,[59][60][61] and Zn-and Li-ion MSCs [62,63,67].…”