Flexible and Stretchable Gold Microstructures on Extra Soft Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Substrates

Zhou, Chunlin; Bette, Sebastian; Schnakenberg, Uwe

doi:10.1002/adma.201502630

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…[30,34] As with glass substrates, the attachment of gold to PDMS often utilizes a linker molecule such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. [25][26]29,35] In the present work, we show that high surface area NPG can be interfaced to PDMS without the use of linker molecules. More noteworthy, we also show the promise such flexible electrodes have for electrochemical sensing in samples with a complex matrix such as blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…[24] In the present work, we describe a straightforward approach to fabricate flexible nanoporous gold electrodes for electrochemical sensing in samples with complex matrices using white gold leaf and a PDMS flexible support. PDMS [17,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] is a promising substrate to use not only because it is flexible but also inexpensive, biocompatible, and optically transparent. [30,34] As with glass substrates, the attachment of gold to PDMS often utilizes a linker molecule such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Nanoporous Gold Electrodes for Electroanalysis in Complex Matrices

2019

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Flexible, three‐dimensional nanoporous gold (NPG) electrodes were fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces without any functionalization, and their electrochemical properties examined in the absence and presence of common biofouling agents using cyclic voltammetry and redox potentiometry. In this work, potassium ferricyanide and fibrinogen were used as a model redox probe and denaturing agent, respectively, to demonstrate that flexible NPG electrodes behave ideally and can make electrochemical measurements in biofouling solutions. Using cyclic voltammetry, the non‐faradaic capacitive current was shown to be directly proportional to the scan rate, while the redox chemistry of potassium ferricyanide in the presence and absence of fibrinogen demonstrated reversible voltammetry. Using redox potentiometry, Nernst plots for the potassium ferri‐/ferrocyanide redox system gave rise to an expected Nernstian slope of 60 mV. These flexible electrodes could be particularly beneficial in electrochemical sensing in complex environments. Proof of concept was demonstrated through the measurement of uric acid in red blood cell packets using cyclic voltammetry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Nanoporous Gold Electrodes for Electroanalysis in Complex Matrices

2019

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“…These may impact the cost and convenience in the manufacture of stretchable bioelectronics. Moreover, many implementations of stretchable/flexible bioelectronics employ polyimide (PI), a polymer with excellent mechanical properties and thermostability,1 as a flexible passivation layer to reinforce the metal layers 52. The insufficient strong to weak adhesion ratio of kinetic control strategy requires an additional thin layer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a sacrificial layer on the donor substrate before the fabrication of the bioelectronics to decrease the interfacial adhesion between the bioelectronics membrane and the substrate 5, 35, 53, 54.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Release Transfer Printing for Stretchable Conformal Bioelectronics

et al. 2017

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Soft neural electrode arrays that are mechanically matched between neural tissues and electrodes offer valuable opportunities for the development of disease diagnose and brain computer interface systems. Here, a thermal release transfer printing method for fabrication of stretchable bioelectronics, such as soft neural electrode arrays, is presented. Due to the large, switchable and irreversible change in adhesion strength of thermal release tape, a low‐cost, easy‐to‐operate, and temperature‐controlled transfer printing process can be achieved. The mechanism of this method is analyzed by experiments and fracture‐mechanics models. Using the thermal release transfer printing method, a stretchable neural electrode array is fabricated by a sacrificial‐layer‐free process. The ability of the as‐fabricated electrode array to conform different curvilinear surfaces is confirmed by experimental and theoretical studies. High‐quality electrocorticography signals of anesthetized rat are collected with the as‐fabricated electrode array, which proves good conformal interface between the electrodes and dura mater. The application of the as‐fabricated electrode array on detecting the steady‐state visual evoked potentials research is also demonstrated by in vivo experiments and the results are compared with those detected by stainless‐steel screw electrodes.

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“…Good adhesion between the substrate and metal or inorganic sensing channel layers is difficult to achieve, which could lead to device breakdown under repeated large deformations with consequent fatigue accumulation due to their mechanical mismatch. 11 Moreover, the high processing costs limit their practicality for devices that need to be disposable, low cost and scalable. Furthermore, optical transparency and low thickness is preferred in e-skin for aesthetic, optogenetic usage and comfort reasons because e-skin is usually attached to visible parts of the human body, such as the limbs, wrist or neck, and for smart garments in wearables and interactive soft robotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semitransparent snake-like tactile and olfactory bionic sensor with reversibly stretchable properties

et al. 2017

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Many organisms and animals have sensing abilities that are different from those of human beings; for example, snakes have strong smell-, vibration-, touch-and heat-sensing abilities. A nature-mimicking sensing platform capable of sensing multiple stimuli, such as strain, pressure, temperature and other uncorrelated conditions, is highly desirable to broaden the applications of sensors. Here, we construct a semitransparent intelligent skin-like sensing platform based on polyaniline (PANI) nanowire arrays that can act as a bionic component by simultaneously sensing tactile stimuli and detecting colorless, odorless gas. Our multifunctional bionic sensing strategy is remarkably adaptive for versatile applications. The strain-sensing performance is superior to that of most conducting polymer-based sensors reported so far and is comparable to or even better than traditional metal and carbon nanowire/nanotube-based strain sensors. The highest gauge factor demonstrated is 149, making our system a remarkable candidate for strain-sensing applications. The sensor can accurately detect a wide range of human motions. We also demonstrate the simultaneous controlled olfaction ability for the detection of methane with high sensitivity and a fast response time. These results enable the realization of multifunctional and uncorrelated sensing capabilities, which will afford a wide range of applications to augment robotics, treatment, simulated skin, health monitoring and bionic systems. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e437; doi:10.1038/am.2017.181; published online 13 October 2017 INTRODUCTION Stretchable and wearable electronics have been extensively investigated for a broad range of applications, including electronic skins, flexible displays, health-monitoring devices and energy-harvesting devices. [1][2][3][4] Breakthroughs have been made in the theoretical and practical aspects of these related technologies. Meanwhile, it is highly attractive to integrate more functionalities and novel features into one device for smart and multifunctional systems by mimicking complex biological systems. Among the various complex biological systems, snakes are unique legless reptiles with elongated bodies covered in overlapping scales. Most snakes use stretchable belly scales to travel by gripping surfaces and have strong olfactory capabilities to track prey. The skin and olfactory organ can collect external stimuli and output bioelectrical signals to the nervous system/brain. In practical applications, artificial e-skin capable of sensing multiple stimuli, such as strain, pressure, vibration, temperature and other uncorrelated conditions, is highly desirable. Despite the promise of these systems, only limited successful examples of stretchable sensors that perceive force and chemical stimuli have been reported. [5][6][7] To achieve high-performance artificial e-skin, the directional design and fabrication of conductive sensing channel materials are prerequisites. Tailored materials in the sensing channel with specific nanostructures can meet cri...

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Flexible and Stretchable Gold Microstructures on Extra Soft Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Substrates

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Flexible Nanoporous Gold Electrodes for Electroanalysis in Complex Matrices

Flexible Nanoporous Gold Electrodes for Electroanalysis in Complex Matrices

Thermal Release Transfer Printing for Stretchable Conformal Bioelectronics

A semitransparent snake-like tactile and olfactory bionic sensor with reversibly stretchable properties

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