Flexible and Stretchable Elastomer Composites Based on Lightweight Liquid Metal Foam Spheres with Pod-like Contacts

Abstract

Liquid metal (LM) is increasingly employed as a conductive filler in soft and flexible elastomer composites owing to its favorable conductivity and liquid fluidity. However, the high density of LM inevitably increases the weight of composites, which brings limitations in large-area and weight-sensitive applications. This work reports a flexible and stretchable elastomer composite composed of pod-like contacting lightweight LM foam spheres and polydimethylsiloxane matrix (LMS/PDMS). The lightweight LMS reduces the amount of LM used in the preparation process while imparting good electrical conductivity and deformability to the composite. The different contact modes of LMS endow the final composites with diverse strain sensitivity. The mechanism of interfacial contact conduction between the LMS with different melting points has been systematically studied, and the result shows that the liquid–solid contact mode of LMS further improves the strain sensitivity of the composite. Moreover, the composite also has satisfactory electrothermal properties and the temperature can quickly reach 70 °C within 30 s, showing good applicability in electric heating. Finally, the composites containing LMS with different contact modes can be developed as multifunctional sensors to detect human activities, temperature variation, and even underwater vibration, demonstrating the great potential in next-generation sensors and electronics.

Materials and Structural Designs toward Motion Artifact-Free Bioelectronics

“…As shown in Figure a, the channel acts as a conductive circuit and serves as packaging to prevent leakage . Researchers have also tried to combine a liquid metal with other materials such as sponges, ,− polymers, ,, and hydrogels, ,,, as a composite as shown in Figure b–e. By mixing a liquid metal with other low-modulus polymers (Figure c) or hydrogel (Figure e), , the phenomenon of liquid flow is eliminated while maintaining fluidity at the microscopic level, resulting in a material with an electrical stability.…”

Liquid Metal + x: A Review of Multiphase Composites Containing Liquid Metal and Other (x) Fillers

“…In the context of LM + x composites, some works synthesize capsules with solid 'x' filler cores that are coated with liquid metal shells before mixing into a matrix. [91,95] For example, in He et al, [189] polypropylene foam particles were coated with liquid metal by stirring both materials together. The process yielded foam particles with a liquid metal coating of approximately 50 μm.…”

Flexible Grid Graphene Electrothermal Films for Real-Time Monitoring Applications

“…By employing flexible electrothermal films, uniform heating can be achieved on components, providing sufficient heat to prevent ice formation and rapidly thaw previously frozen areas. The trend is to search for flexible electrothermal films that can achieve low working voltage, high steady-state temperature, and good electrical heating and mechanical stability. − …”