Flexible and fully implantable upconversion device for wireless optogenetic stimulation of the spinal cord in behaving animals

Wang, Ying; Xie, Kai; Yue, Haibing; Chen, Xian; Luo, Xuan; Liao, Qinghai; Liu, Ming; Wang, Feng; Shi, Peng

doi:10.1039/c9nr07583f

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These efforts rely on primitive means of UCNP administration into the living body, and would definitely benefit from the micro-engineered environment, which guarantees the spatially controlled in vivo use of these particles, also complemented with direct feedback of their operation through the integrated features of the implants. The very first attempt has been presented by Wang et al, presenting polypropylene based spinal cord stimulator, which provided wireless excitation of upconversion nanoparticles dispersed in the device substrate (Wang, 2020). Further solutions to exploit the capability of these optical nanotransducers may be expected in the future.…”

Section: Upconversion Nanoparticle Mediated Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared neuromodulation:a neuroengineering perspective

2020

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Infrared neuromodulation (INM) is a branch of photobiomodulation techniques, which offers direct or indirect control of cellular activity through elevation of temperature in a spatially confined region of the target tissue. Research on INM, started around one and a half decade ago, is gradually gaining attention of the neuroscience community, as numerous experimental studies give evidence of the safe and reproducible excitation and inhibition of neuronal firing in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, its biophysical mechanism is not fully understood, several engineered interfaces have been created to perform infrared stimulation in both the peripheral and central nervous system. In this review, we first summarize recent applications and present knowledge on the effects of INM on cellular activity, and provide an overview on technical approaches to deliver infrared light to cells and to interrogate the optically-evoked response. Micro-and nanoengineered interfaces to investigate the influence of infrared neuromodulation will be also described in details.

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Section: Upconversion Nanoparticle Mediated Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared neuromodulation:a neuroengineering perspective

2020

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“…Using a careful radiation dose setting, this technology can be safely applied in a variety of rodent behavioral experiments such as those with more naturalistic, context-rich settings, which are normally hindered by the tethered fiber optics, or the large implant on the head in other wireless optogenetic technologies 8 , 36 . By employing flexible biomaterials containing scintillator particles, it might be possible to control nerve activities in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system of freely moving rodents with less invasive procedures than practiced in conventional 37 , 38 or NIR-mediated 39 optogenetics. Given the unlimited tissue penetration of X-rays, scintillator-mediated optogenetics may also be applied to larger animals, including monkeys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation

et al. 2021

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Scintillators emit visible luminescence when irradiated with X-rays. Given the unlimited tissue penetration of X-rays, the employment of scintillators could enable remote optogenetic control of neural functions at any depth of the brain. Here we show that a yellow-emitting inorganic scintillator, Ce-doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 (Ce:GAGG), can effectively activate red-shifted excitatory and inhibitory opsins, ChRmine and GtACR1, respectively. Using injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior. Ce:GAGG microparticles are non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, allowing for chronic implantation. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level is sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables minimally invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals, expanding X-ray applications to functional studies of biology and medicine.

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“…Thus, optical stimulators for spinal cord are generally flexible enough to be wraparound or wire-like. [556,[569][570][571] For example, a fully implantable, battery-free wireless optoelectronic devices for spinal optogenetics is illustrated in Figure 15I. [569] This device design avoids the tethered operation in traditional optic fiber implants.…”

Section: Optogenetic Stimulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics

2022

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Medical robots are invaluable players in non-pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human-machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low-cost. Flexible human-machine interfaces on soft robotics would make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which could potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible humanmachine interfaces are summarized by recent and renown applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface in medical robotics.

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Flexible and fully implantable upconversion device for wireless optogenetic stimulation of the spinal cord in behaving animals

Abstract: A flexible, implantable upconversion device is reported as an all-optical solution for wireless optogenetic stimulation of spinal cord tissue in freely moving rodents, adding to the current toolsets of wireless optogenetics giving possibilities for remote neural modulation.

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Infrared neuromodulation:a neuroengineering perspective

Infrared neuromodulation:a neuroengineering perspective

Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics

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