Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors based on Liquid‐Exfoliated Black‐Phosphorus Nanoflakes

Hao, Chunxue; Yang, Bingchao; Wen, Fusheng; Xiang, Jianyong; Li, Lei; Wang, Wenhong; Zeng, Zhongming; Xu, Bo; Zhao, Zhisheng; Liu, Zhongyuan; Tian, Yongjun

doi:10.1002/adma.201505730

Cited by 298 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Layered materials have the potential to advance integrated flexible nanoelectronics beyond the capability of conventional thin films for flexible systems and electrochemical energy-storage devices. [170,175] Liquidexfoliated BP nanoflakes in flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors (ASSPs) were reported to have excellent performances in terms of electrochemical energy storage.The flexible ASSPs were fabricated by using aPVA /H 3 PO 4 gel electrolyte sandwiched between two as-prepared BP films on aPt-coated PET substrate ( Figure 3D;P ET = polyethylene terephthalate,P VA = polyvinyl acetate). [170,175] Liquidexfoliated BP nanoflakes in flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors (ASSPs) were reported to have excellent performances in terms of electrochemical energy storage.The flexible ASSPs were fabricated by using aPVA /H 3 PO 4 gel electrolyte sandwiched between two as-prepared BP films on aPt-coated PET substrate ( Figure 3D;P ET = polyethylene terephthalate,P VA = polyvinyl acetate).…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

2017

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Phosphorus is a nonmetal with several allotropes, from the highly reactive white phosphorus to the thermodynamically stable black phosphorus (BP) with a puckered orthorhombic layered structure. The bulk form of BP was first synthesized in 1914, but received little attention until it was rediscovered in 2014 as a member of the new wave of 2D layered nanomaterials. BP can be exfoliated to a single sheet that acts as a semiconductor with a tunable direct band gap, a high carrier mobility at room temperature, and an in-plane anisotropy. The development of BP applications is hampered by surface degradation, thus efforts to achieve effective BP passivation are ongoing, such as its integration in van der Waals heterostructures. BP has been tested as a novel nanomaterial in batteries, transistors, sensors, and photonics. This Review begins with the origin of the BP story, following the path from a bulk material to modern few/single layers. The physical and chemical properties are summarized, and the state-of-the-art of BP applications highlighted.

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Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

2017

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“…The thinner film can be bent up to more than 5000 times without any sign of failure, whereas the thicker film fails after bending for only 500 times. [124] The influence of encapsulation thickness on bending mechanics was systematically exploited by combining the theoretical calculation of bending strain and the experimental measurement of the emission property variation of inorganic LED devices under bending state. [38] At the same bending radius of 7.3 mm, the bending strain and wavelength shift decrease as the thickness of the epoxy encapsulation increases.…”

Section: Thickness Of Component Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Analyses and Structural Design Requirements for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

Mao

Meng

Ahmad

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

176

145

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degree of the entire electronic systems. In the integrated flexible electronic system, energy storage devices [14,[16][17][18][19][20] play important roles in connecting the preceding energy harvesting devices and the following energy utilization devices (Figure 1). Rechargeable secondary batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) are two typical energy storage devices. [21] Several excellent review papers [21][22][23][24][25][26] reported significant progresses achieved in flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and SCs by taking advantage of novel electrode materials, current collectors, and solid-state electrolytes. The application areas and lifetime of flexible power sources strongly depend on their mechanical deformation tolerance and the electrical property retention under deformation. Qualified flexible power sources should be able to endure high strain induced by external mechanical deformation, such as bending, compressing, stretching, folding, and twisting, while maintaining their electrochemical performance stability and structural integrity. Therefore, the mechanical reliability assessment and electrical property analysis of flexible devices need to be given much attention for future application.Tolerance in bending into a certain curvature is the major mechanical deformation characteristic of flexible energy storage devices. Thus far, several bending characterization parameters and various mechanical methods have been proposed to evaluate the quality and failure modes of the said devices by investigating their bending deformation status and received strain. Some of these mechanical metrologies were derived from the early research on flexible semiconductor devices of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) [27,28] and TFTs. [29] However, comparing those numerous measurement data with one another is difficult because of the various theories and methods adopted by different research groups and the lack of unified assessment criteria. [26] The flexibility of flexible devices is generally realized not only by use of intuitive soft electrode materials but also by optimizing their mechanical structural design. [25] Detailed analysis on bending mechanics combining experimental and theoretical results provide not only reliable test methods to describe the bending state but also guidance for configuration design of devices against mechanical failure.The current review emphasizes on three main points: (1) key parameters that characterize the bending level of flexible energy storage devices, such as bending radius, bending Flexible energy storage devices with excellent mechanical deformation performance are highly required to improve the integration degree of flexible electronics. Unlike those of traditional power sources, the mechanical reliability of flexible energy storage devices, including electrical performance retention and deformation endurance, has received much attention. To provide the guideline for the construction design of devices, the strain distribution and failure modes in the entire architecture should b...

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“…The recent progress in the development of BP-based photodetectors, 10,11 fast electronic and photonic devices, 19,24,25 electrode materials in lithium and sodium ion batteries, 39 super-capacitors, 40 and quantum dots 41 is going to speed up the practical future implementation of BP atomic layers in optoelectronics and nano-optics. Notably, the material shows a great potential for applications where excellent switching speed is required.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Black phosphorus nanodevices at terahertz frequencies: Photodetectors and future challenges

2017

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The discovery of graphene triggered a rapid rise of unexplored two-dimensional materials and heterostructures having optoelectronic and photonics properties that can be tailored on the nanoscale. Among these materials, black phosphorus (BP) has attracted a remarkable interest thanks to many favorable properties, such as high carrier mobility, in-plane anisotropy, the possibility to alter its transport via electrical gating and direct band-gap, that can be tuned by thickness from 0.3 eV (bulk crystalline) to 1.7 eV (single atomic layer). When integrated in a microscopic field effect transistor (FET), a few-layer BP flake can detect Terahertz (THz) frequency radiation. Remarkably, the in-plane crystalline anisotropy can be exploited to tailor the mechanisms that dominate the photoresponse; a BP-based field effect transistor can be engineered to act as a plasma-wave rectifier, a thermoelectric sensor or a thermal bolometer. Here we present a review on recent research on BP detectors operating from 0.26 THz to 3.4 THz with particular emphasis on the underlying physical mechanisms and the future challenges that are yet to be addressed for making BP the active core of stable and reliable optical and electronic technologies.

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Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors based on Liquid‐Exfoliated Black‐Phosphorus Nanoflakes

Cited by 298 publications

References 68 publications

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

Mechanical Analyses and Structural Design Requirements for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

Black phosphorus nanodevices at terahertz frequencies: Photodetectors and future challenges

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