Flexibility of feeding movements in pigs: effects of changes in food toughness and stiffness on the timing of jaw movements

Montuelle, Stéphane J.; Olson, Rachel A.; Curtis, Hannah; Sidote, JoAnna; Williams, Susan H.

doi:10.1242/jeb.168088

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This means that jaw movements can vary from one cycle to the next within a sequence while the food bolus is being processed. This has been demonstrated directly for pigs and primates, which show differences in the duration of gape cycle parameters within a food [7,8]. Moreover, the level of stereotypy exhibited during chewing depends on the properties of the food item.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Previously, we showed that the temporal dynamics of pig jaw movements are significantly modified in response to changes in both food toughness and stiffness, albeit differently [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The present study utilizes much of the same data collected for our previously published study on the effect of toughness and stiffness on temporal dynamics of jaw movements [7] in which animals were fed 3 foods (carrots, apples and almonds) that mainly differ in one food property while being comparable in the other property. Toughness and stiffness data were based on previously published values [27].…”

Section: Study Design and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study design and methods are identical to our previous analysis of the timing of jaw movements during pig chewing [7]. Jaw movements during pig chewing were quantified using marker-based X-ray Reconstruction Of Moving Morphology (XROMM) [28] in four 3-to-4-month-old female Hampshire cross-breed pigs (Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758) weighing between 14-20 kg.…”

Section: Study Design and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity for some omnivorous mammalian species to efficiently chew different foods may be dependent on the flexibility of the jaw muscles activation pattern (sensu [5]; i.e., variability in response to change in treatment or stimulus, here food properties) to alter jaw movements during chewing in such a way that changes the interaction between the food and the oral structures involved, including the teeth for initiating and propagating food fracture and the tongue for positioning, manipulating and transporting the food bolus in the oral cavity. This flexibility can ultimately result in changes in the duration amplitude and/or velocity of jaw movements [6][7][8]. When the duration of movement increases, the amplitude of movement may increase, stay the same, or decrease depending on whether there are concomitant changes in velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effects of food properties on chewing in pigs: Flexibility and stereotypy of jaw movements in a mammalian omnivore

Montuelle¹,

Olson²,

Curtis³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Chewing is a rhythmic oral behavior that requires constant modifications of jaw movements in response to changes in food properties. The food-specific kinematic response is dependent on the potential for kinematic flexibility allowed by morphology and modulation of motor control. This study investigates the effects of food toughness and stiffness on the amplitude and variability of jaw movements during chewing in a typical omnivorous mammalian model (pigs). Jaw movements were reconstructed using X-ray Reconstruction Of Moving Morphology (XROMM) and kinematic data associated with the amplitude of jaw pitch (opening-closing) and jaw yaw (mediolateral rotation) were extracted for each cycle. Between-food differences were tested for the amplitude of jaw movements during each phase of the gape cycle, as well as in their respective within-food variability, or stereotypy, as indicated by coefficients of variation. With increasing toughness, jaw pitch amplitude is decreased during fast close, larger and more stereotyped during slow close, smaller but more variable during slow open, and more variable during fast open. In addition, when chewing on tougher foods, the amplitude of jaw yaw during slow close only increases in a subset of individuals, but all become less variable (i.e., more stereotyped). In contrast, increasing food stiffness has no effect on the amplitude or the variability of jaw pitch, whereas jaw yaw increases significantly in the majority of individuals studied. Our data demonstrate that food stiffness and toughness both play a role in modulating gape cycle dynamics by altering the trajectory of jaw movements, especially during the slow-close phase and tooth-food-tooth contact, albeit differently. This highlights how a generalist oral morphology such as that of pigs (e.g., bunodont teeth lacking precise occlusion, permissive temporomandibular joint allowing extensive condylar displacements in 3 dimensions) enables organisms to not only adjust chewing movements in their amplitude, but also in their variability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Previously, we showed that the temporal dynamics of pig jaw movements are significantly modified in response to changes in both food toughness and stiffness, albeit differently [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Study Design and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Design and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of food properties on chewing in pigs: Flexibility and stereotypy of jaw movements in a mammalian omnivore

Montuelle¹,

Olson²,

Curtis³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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Prolonged use of a soft diet during early growth and development alters feeding behavior and chewing kinematics in a young animal model

Montuelle,

Williams

2024

Journal of Morphology

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In infants and children with feeding and swallowing issues, modifying solid foods to form a liquid or puree is used to ensure adequate growth and nutrition. However, the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of prolonged use of this intervention during critical periods of postnatal oral skill development have not been systematically examined, although substantial anecdotal evidence suggests that it negatively impacts downstream feeding motor and coordination skills, possibly due to immature sensorimotor development. Using an established animal model for infant and juvenile feeding physiology, we leverage X‐ray reconstruction of moving morphology to compare feeding behavior and kinematics between 12‐week‐old pigs reared on solid chow (control) and an age‐ and sex‐matched cohort raised on the same chow softened to a liquid. When feeding on two novel foods, almond and apple, maintenance on a soft diet decreases gape cycle duration, resulting in a higher chewing frequency. When feeding on almonds, pigs in this group spent less time ingesting foods compared to controls, and chewing cycles were characterized by less jaw rotation about a dorsoventral axis (yaw) necessary for food reduction. There was also a reduced tendency to alternate chewing side with every chew during almond chewing, a behavioral pattern typical of pigs. These more pronounced impacts on behavior and kinematics during feeding on almonds, a tougher and stiffer food than apples, suggest that food properties mediate the behavioral and physiological impacts of early texture modification and that the ability to adapt to different food properties may be underdeveloped. In contrast, the limited effects of food texture modification on apple chewing indicate that such intervention/treatment does not alter feeding behavior of less challenging foods. Observed differences cannot be attributed to morphology because texture modification over the treatment period had limited impact on craniodental growth. Short‐term impacts of soft‐texture modification during postweaning development on feeding dynamics should be considered as potential negative outcomes of this treatment strategy.

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Feeding in Mammals: Comparative, Experimental, and Evolutionary Insights on Form and Function

Williams

2019

Fascinating Life Sciences

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Flexibility of feeding movements in pigs: effects of changes in food toughness and stiffness on the timing of jaw movements

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of food properties on chewing in pigs: Flexibility and stereotypy of jaw movements in a mammalian omnivore

Effects of food properties on chewing in pigs: Flexibility and stereotypy of jaw movements in a mammalian omnivore

Prolonged use of a soft diet during early growth and development alters feeding behavior and chewing kinematics in a young animal model

Feeding in Mammals: Comparative, Experimental, and Evolutionary Insights on Form and Function

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