Flexibility mindsets: Reducing biases that result from spontaneous processing

Sassenberg, Kai; Winter, Kevin; Becker, Daniela; Ditrich, Lara; Scholl, Annika; Moskowitz, Gordon B.

doi:10.1080/10463283.2021.1959124

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…However, as this is true for all three experimental conditions, this does not challenge our conclusions. Further, priming effects diminished over time, although it is unclear how strong a prime works and how long its impact can last (Sassenberg et al, 2022). Potentially, there are individual differences we have not considered.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them

Haase

Hanel

2022

Front. Educ.

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Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions (N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinking); (3) participants performed mental arithmetic; (4) passive control condition. Results show that divergent and convergent creativity were higher after playing games and lower after mental arithmetic. Positive emotions did not function as a mediator, even though they were also heightened after playing the games and lower after mental arithmetic. However, contrary to previous research, we found no direct effect of emotions, creative self-efficacy, and growth- vs. fixed on creative performance. We discuss practical implications for digital learning and application settings.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For the creative mindset as a situational cognitive conditioning, the mental operations allow for flexible, broad, and remote associations (Sassenberg et al, 2022). Such mental processing is based on global perception and increased working 10.3389/feduc.2022.976459 memory capacity (Dreu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Creative Mindsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them

Haase

Hanel

2022

Front. Educ.

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“…For example, priming stereotype-inconsistent information benefits creative thinking (Gocłowska & Crisp, 2013), and priming a creative mindset encourages the use of stereotypeinconsistent information (Sassenberg et al, 2021). Given that stereotyping and creativity are two crucial concepts in marketing (Åkestam et al, 2017a;Ang et al, 2014), here we explore whether these concepts are related to advertising from the perspective of both advertising creation and consumption.…”

Section: Marketing To Unstereotype Audiences: Investigating the Relat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marketing to UnStereotype Audiences: Investigating the Relationship Between Stereotypical Thinking and Creativity in Marketing Campaigns

Tan¹,

Parashar²,

Ahmetoglu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Stereotyping others may be negatively related to one’s creativity, yet there is currently scant empirical evidence of a link between stereotyping and creativity; here, we explore this link in the marketing domain. In a field study, we introduced a novel intervention to disrupt marketeers’ dependency on stereotypes and boost creativity. The intervention decreased marketeers’ use of stereotypes when labeling consumer segmentation while enhancing the creativity of ideas. In a pair of online experiments, we asked participants to rate the stereotypicality and creativity of British advertisements and their purchase intention for the advertised product or service. We found a linear relationship between perceived stereotypicality and creativity. We also found a quadratic relationship between perceived stereotypicality and purchase intention, such that advertisements perceived as low and high stereotypicality induced higher purchase intention than the mediums. Finally, we discuss the psychological mechanisms that potentially link stereotyping and creativity and the implications for marketing.

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“…Sassenberg et al [ 34 ] provide a review of research on the flexibility mindset, which is defined as an “activated cognitive strategy that leads to more divergent thinking, the use of broad cognitive categories, and the switching between categories” (p. 3). Such a mindset is triggered by situations that call for creativity and where internal conflict is present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal conflict and prejudice-regulation: Emotional ambivalence buffers against defensive responding to implicit bias feedback

2022

Self Cite

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Becoming aware of bias is essential for prejudice-regulation. However, attempts to make people aware of bias through feedback often elicits defensive reactions that undermine mitigation efforts. In the present article, we introduce state emotional ambivalence—the simultaneous experience of positive and negative emotions “in the present moment”–as a buffer against defensive responding to implicit bias feedback. Two studies (N = 507) demonstrate that implicit bias feedback (vs. no feedback) increases defensiveness (rating the test as less valid, credible, and objective). However, high (vs. low) state emotional ambivalence, which was independent of bias feedback, attenuates this relationship between bias feedback and defensiveness, accounting for a larger share of the variance than negative emotions alone. In turn, this reduced defensiveness among individuals high (vs. low) in emotional ambivalence was associated with increased awareness of bias in the self and others. Results suggest that state emotional ambivalence is associated with increased bias awareness by creating a mindset in which individuals are less defensive to potentially threatening information about their own implicit racial bias. These results have important implications for research on stereotyping and prejudice, emotional ambivalence and psychological conflict, and defensiveness.

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Flexibility mindsets: Reducing biases that result from spontaneous processing

Cited by 14 publications

References 86 publications

Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them

Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them

Marketing to UnStereotype Audiences: Investigating the Relationship Between Stereotypical Thinking and Creativity in Marketing Campaigns

Internal conflict and prejudice-regulation: Emotional ambivalence buffers against defensive responding to implicit bias feedback

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