Flex-Mode Mechatronic Functionality of Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskite Systems

Abstract

The mechatronic functionality of lead iodide hybrid perovskite thin films grown on the flexible substrate is investigated via the study of current-perpendicular-to-plane charge transport modulation under flex-mode compressive and tensile strains (CS and TS) for multiple flexing cycles. It is shown that the transport is significantly, reversibly, and asymmetrically modulated. Typically, for a strain of 0.088% (0.23%), a remarkable current modulation of +196% (+393%) is achieved for compressive strain and −49% (−53%) for tensile strain at an applied potential of 1 V. For low levels of bending, the response is robust for a large number of bending cycles. The effects of the change of organic cation from methylammonium to formamidinium and the grain size on the response are also examined. A comparative study of the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the pristine sample and the samples subjected to multiple bending cycles is performed to understand and elucidate the possible mechanisms of the straininduced changes in the transport properties.

An Organic–Inorganic Perovskitoid with Zwitterion Cysteamine Linker and its Crystal–Crystal Transformation to Ruddlesden‐Popper Phase

“…Hybrid Organic and Inorganic Perovskites (HOIPs), ABX 3 ,; B = Pb +2 , Sn +2 ,S b +2 ,C u +2 ;X = I À ,B r À ,C l À ,B F 4 À )h ave rapidly emerged as the leading photovoltaic and optoelectronic device materials in the past decade owing to their exceptional properties such as low exciton binding energy,high absorption coefficient, high carrier lifetime,b and gap tunability,d imensionality control, scalability,and low cost of fabrication due to solution processability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Theconversion of 3D HOIP to 2D HOIP is achieved by increasing the length of the organic cation (two or more carbon atoms), thus pushing the inorganic (PbI 6…”

Correlation between Charge Transport Length Scales and Dielectric Relaxation Time Constant in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Semiconductors

“…Halide perovskites have become emerging novel materials in optoelectronics, , mechatronics, and sensing applications; however, the fundamental understanding of charge transport and photophysics is still under study because of the exotic defect dynamics of these dynamically disordered semiconductors . Recently, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPI) has been the most explored material used in photovoltaic (PV) community because of its ease of processing via a solution route at low temperature with lower exciton binding energy, higher optical absorption, long diffusion length, and higher carrier mobility .…”

An Organic–Inorganic Perovskitoid with Zwitterion Cysteamine Linker and its Crystal–Crystal Transformation to Ruddlesden‐Popper Phase

“…Hybrid Organic and Inorganic Perovskites (HOIPs), ABX 3 (A=Cs + , CH 3 NH 3 + , C 8 H 9 NH 3 + CH 5 N 2 + ,; B=Pb +2 , Sn +2 , Sb +2 , Cu +2 ; X=I − , Br − , Cl − , BF 4 − ) have rapidly emerged as the leading photovoltaic and optoelectronic device materials in the past decade owing to their exceptional properties such as low exciton binding energy, high absorption coefficient, high carrier lifetime, band gap tunability, dimensionality control, scalability, and low cost of fabrication due to solution processability [1–10] . The conversion of 3D HOIP to 2D HOIP is achieved by increasing the length of the organic cation (two or more carbon atoms), thus pushing the inorganic (PbI 6 − ) octahedral layers farther apart and creating a quantum well like structure with sequentially increasing band gaps.…”

“…,; B = Pb +2 , Sn +2 ,S b +2 ,C u +2 ;X = I À ,B r À ,C l À ,B F 4 À )h ave rapidly emerged as the leading photovoltaic and optoelectronic device materials in the past decade owing to their exceptional properties such as low exciton binding energy,high absorption coefficient, high carrier lifetime,b and gap tunability,d imensionality control, scalability,and low cost of fabrication due to solution processability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Theconversion of 3D HOIP to 2D HOIP is achieved by increasing the length of the organic cation (two or more carbon atoms), thus pushing the inorganic (PbI 6…”