Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) em reservas florestais da área metropolitana de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil

Abstract

Os flebotomíneos são naturalmente diversificados nas florestas tropicais úmidas (Ward et al. 1973, mas muitas espécies vêm invadindo os ambientes peridomiciliares de zonas rurais e urbanas em diversas áreas endêmicas para leishmanioses no Brasil. A capacidade de freqüentar ambientes artificiais e a ocorrência em alta densidade são condições que incriminam os flebotomíneos como vetores das leishmanioses (Gomes & Galati 1989).No Estado do Maranhão, são conhecidas mais de 30 espécies de flebotomíneos que se associam com áreas florestais (Rebêlo et al. 2000a, b) ABSTRACT. Phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in forest reserves in the metropolitan area of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. This study deals with the diversity, relative abundance and seasonality of sandflies species in two modified primary forest fragments, situated at São Luís city, capital of the state of Maranhão. The sandflies were captured with the use of light traps, CDC (Center Control Disease) type, installed at the edge and in the center of the forest, at the height of 1.5 meter, being there from 6 p.m. up to 6 a.m., once per month, during a year time. An amount of 1,356 specimens from 23 species, which 21 belonged to genera Lutzomyia and two belonged to genera Brumptomyia, were captured. In the Sacavém forest reserve, 1,061 specimens were captured, resulting in a capture effort of 2.5 individuals/ hour/trap, most of them L. longipalpis (44.8%), followed by L. antunesi (36.4%), L. sordelli (5.9%), L. flaviscutellata (3.9%) and L. whitmani (2.1%). The highest concentrations of species (11) and individuals (60.1%) occurred during the rainy period. In the Itaqui forest reserve, 295 specimens were collected and the capture effort was 0.2 individuals/hour/ trap, most of them were L. flaviscutellata, (58.6%), L. sordelli (14.6%), L. longipalpis (7.1%), L. evandroi (6.4%), L. longipennis (3%), L. trinidadensis (2.7%) and L. whitmani (1.7%). The species were more frequent during the dry season (11) and specimens during the rainy spell (54.6%).KEYWORDS. Amazonia; Ecology; Forest fragments.RESUMO. Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) em reservas florestais da área metropolitana de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Estudou-se a diversidade, a abundância relativa e a sazonalidade das espécies de flebotomíneos em duas reservas de floresta primária alterada, a reserva florestal do Sacavém (RFS) e reserva florestal do Itaqui (RFI), localizadas na área metropolitana de São Luís, capital do estado do Maranhão. Os flebotomíneos foram capturados com armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC, instaladas na borda e no centro da mata, a 1,5 metros de altura, das 18h00 às 6h00, uma vez por mês, durante um ano. No total foram capturados 1.356 indivíduos de 23 espécies dos gêneros Lutzomyia (21) e Brumptomyia (2). Na RFS foram capturados 1.061 espécimes, resultando num esforço de captura de 2,5 indivíduos/hora/armadilha e o predomínio de L. longipalpis (44,8%), seguida por L. antunesi (36,4%), L. sordelli (5,9%), L. flaviscutellata (3,9%) e L. whitmani (2,1%). O maior número de espécies (11...

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cerrado area of the Maranhão state, Brazil

“…The species richness found in the cerrado region of Chapadinha was relatively high, comparable to that obtained from forested areas of the state capital São Luís (Marinho et al 2008) and from Buriticupu, Amazonian part of the state (Rebêlo et al 2000a,b) and higher from the average 10 species inventoried for other municipalities of Maranhão (Rebêlo et al 1999a,b) Several species reported herein have already been found in other ecological areas of Maranhão. Lutzomyia saulensis, Lu.…”

“…chagasi to the far east of the Amazonian basin, including Maranhão. The remaining species are commonly found in the São Luís Island and in other eastern areas of Maranhão (Rebêlo et al 1999a, Martin & Rebêlo 2006, Marinho et al 2008.…”

“…The wide-ranging and systematical studies included Amazonian humid forest, ombrophila forest and mixed vegetation composed of Cerrado, "Cocal" and Caatinga sites (Rebêlo et al 1999a, Rebêlo et al 2000a, Leonardo & Rebêlo 2004, Marinho et al 2008. However, studies focusing on the overall sand fl y species diversity of the Cerrado biome in Maranhão state were only carried out in a restricted region, mostly at the municipality of Santa Quitéria (Martin & Rebêlo 2006) in the low Parnaiba River zone.…”

The effect of fragmentation on phlebotomine communities (Diptera: Psychodidae) in areas of ombrophilous forest in São Luís, state of Maranhão, Brazil

“…Lutzomyia servulolimai, L. trinidadensis, L. richardwardi, L. furcata, and L. brasiliensis are still considered lowdensity species despite being present in greater abundance than the species previously mentioned (between 16 and 29 individuals), corroborating the results reported by Marinho et al (2008) (with the exception of L. furcata and L. brasiliensis, which were not found). Even though present in low frequency, these species were found in both fragments bordered by terra irme vegetation and fragments bordered by swamp, indicating that despite their low densities, they are well distributed in the studied forest.…”

“…It is interesting to note that B. avellari and L. infraspinosa, considered accidental species in other studies carried out on São Luís Island and in Buriticupu (in the Maranhão region of Amazonia) (Rebêlo et al 1999, Marinho et al 2008, were abundant in the present study. This inding reinforces the notion that the structure of communities can vary according to geographical area; indeed, in riparian and mesophytic forest in Urbano Santos, an area of cerrado (savanna-like grasslands) in the northeast of the state, L. infraspinosa was considered dominant, while B. avellari was not found (Martins 2004).…”