Flaxseed Supplementation (Not Dietary Fat Restriction) Reduces Prostate Cancer Proliferation Rates in Men Presurgery

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer affects one of six men during their lifetime. Dietary factors are postulated to influence the development and progression of prostate cancer. Low-fat diets and flaxseed supplementation may offer potentially protective strategies. Methods: We undertook a multisite, randomized controlled trial to test the effects of low-fat and/or flaxseedsupplemented diets on the biology of the prostate and other biomarkers. Prostate cancer patients (n = 161) scheduled at least 21 days before prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of the following arms: (a) control (usual diet), (b) flaxseed-supplemented diet (30 g/d), (c) low-fat diet (<20% total energy), or (d) flaxseed-supplemented, low-fat diet. Blood was drawn at baseline and before surgery and analyzed for prostate-specific antigen, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-I and binding protein-3, C-reactive protein, and total and

Prostatic and Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer Progression during Active Surveillance

“…Although the analysis of patients consuming supplements has greater potential for bias (which is why we excluded them from the main analysis), it does support the protective effect of EPA in the target tissue (prostate). It has already been shown that w-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the w-3 fatty acid content of prostate tissue in specimens of prostatectomy (41,42). These observations combined with our new results suggest a potential protective effect of w-3 fatty acid supplements on prostate cancer carcinogenesis.…”

“…Previous studies have determined the link between prostatic fatty acid levels and prostate cancer, but all were based on prostatectomy specimens (42,47). Our study is original, as it is based on prostatic biopsies from men affected with low-risk (Gleason 6) prostate cancer and managed under active surveillance.…”

Flaxseed-Derived Enterolactone Is Inversely Associated with Tumor Cell Proliferation in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer

“…We previously reported that flaxseed supplementation for *30 days before surgery significantly reduced the tumor proliferation rates among men who elected prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. 17 While these findings were promising, we did not investigate the molecular targets in the tumor tissue that were associated with inflammation and angiogenesis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the correlations between dietary intake of lignan, physiologic enterolignan concentrations, and prostatic tumor tissue expression of NFjB, VEGF, and Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation, in this patient population.…”

The Role of Diet in the Development of Prostate Cancer

“…Nasiona lnu, oprócz znaczących ilości ALA (n-3), zawierają również ligniny -związki biologicznie czynne należące do fito estrogenów [17]. Badanie przeprowadzone przez Demark-Wahnefried et al [18] wykazało, że dodatek siemienia lnianego do pożywienia pacjentów chorych na raka prostaty w ilości 30 g/d przez około 30 dni miał hamujący wpływ na proliferację komórek nowotworowych. Początko-wo w badanej grupie mężczyzn stosunek kwasów n-6:n-3 wynosił średnio 10:1, a w czasie podaży siemienia lnianego zmienił się i wynosił średnio 2,2:1.…”