Flaxseed Oil and Heated Flaxseed Supplements Have Different Effects on Lipid Deposition and Ileal Microbiota in Albas Cashmere Goats

Liu, Shulin; Wang, Xue; Li, Yinhao; Shi, Binlin; Guo, Xiaoyu; Zhao, Yanli; Yan, Sumei

doi:10.3390/ani11030790

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It has been reported that feeding linseed oil increased the serum cholesterol concentration of cows (Oliveira et al 2021). The serum cholesterol content was increased in lambs supplemented linseed oil probably due to the stimulating https://doi.org/10.17221/77/2022-CJAS effect of fat for HDL-C, which has previously been explained in Albas Cashmere Goats (Liu et al 2021). However, in this study, no change in serum metabolites was detected in lambs fed microencapsulated linseed oil.…”

Section: Serum Biochemical Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 52%

Performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, rumen characteristics and serum parameters of lambs fed microencapsulated or conventional linseed oil

Gao¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Microencapsulated linseed oil (MLO) has been used in diets to enhance the omega-3 fatty acid concentration of meat in beef cattle without negatively affecting ruminal microbials and digestion; however, the growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, and rumen characteristics in response to MLO have not been examined in sheep. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of microencapsulated or conventional linseed oil supplement on growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, rumen characteristics and serum parameters in Small-tailed Han sheep. Eighteen 5-months-old male sheep (25.31 ± 1.31 kg) were allocated to three groups. After seven days of adaptation to a basal diet, fed for 80 days, the treatments allocated were (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet with added 2% linseed oil (LO); (3) basal diet with added 4% MLO. The results showed that treatments had no effects on growth performance (P ≥ 0.10). Compared to CON and MLO group, the pH<sub>24 h </sub>of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in LO group was lower (P = 0.07), while the shear force was higher (P = 0.01). Compared to CON group, the addition of linseed oil increased proportions of C17:1, C18:2 n-6c, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA/saturated fatty acids and total n-6, while it decreased the proportion of C17:0, C16:1 and C18:1 c-9 in LD muscle (P < 0.10). The lambs in LO and MLO group had higher proportions of C20:1, C18:3 n-3 and total n-3 in LD muscle than those in CON group (P < 0.10). Compared to CON group, the ruminal pH value of MLO group and the ruminal NH<sub>3</sub>–N content of LO group were lower (P < 0.10). The total volatile fatty acid, proportion of acetate, and acetate/propionate were deceased in LO and MLO groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the two supplements significantly increased the proportions of propionate, butyrate and isovalerate (P < 0.05). Circulating cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were increased by linseed oil supplementation (P = 0.04). In conclusion, these results indicate that microencapsulated linseed oil did not exhibit any superior effects on muscle fatty acid composition and rumen fermentation of lambs.

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Section: Serum Biochemical Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 52%

Performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, rumen characteristics and serum parameters of lambs fed microencapsulated or conventional linseed oil

Gao¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Sphingosine produced by the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group could enter the circulator stream, further regulate the host lipid homeostasis, and alleviate dyslipidemia [38]. In the present study, in the small intestine, the RA of the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group was significantly higher in the HLS group than in the CON and LNO groups, which illustrated that flaxseed grain could increase the RA of probiotics and protect the intestinal epithelium from damage, and further absorb more c18:3n3 into the blood, thereby increasing the content of c18:3n3 in the blood [4] and alleviating the dyslipidemia [11]. The correlation analysis showed that the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group was positive with c18:3n3, further confirming the above results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The previous results showed that dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil or grain changed the ileal microbiota composition; flaxseed grain ameliorated the blood lipid profiles, but flaxseed oil did not. The changes in the blood lipid profiles of cashmere goats in response to dietary supplementation with flaxseed grain were probably related to the change in the ileal microbiota composition [11]. Therefore, we hypothesize that the effects of flaxseed oil or grain on the blood lipid profiles of Albas cashmere goats are related to changes in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, and further affect host health through a variety of crosstalk mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intestinal Microbiota Community and Blood Fatty Acid Profiles of Albas Cashmere Goats Fed with Flaxseed Oil and Whole Flaxseed

Guo,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Animals

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The present study investigated the effects of flaxseed oil or flaxseed grain on the intestinal microbiota and blood fatty acid profiles of Albas cashmere goats. Sixty kid goats were allocated to three treatments and fed for 90 days with a control treatment, comprising a basal diet (CON, total-mixed ration with flaxseed meal), or experimental treatments, comprising a basal diet with added flaxseed oil (LNO) and a basal diet with added heated flaxseed grain (HLS). On day 90, two goats were randomly selected from each pen (eight goats per treatment) for euthanizing; then, five of the eight goats were randomly selected, and we collected their intestinal (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) digesta for analysis of the bacteria community. The results indicated that Firmicutes are the most predominant phylum in different segments of the intestinal digesta. Compared with the CON group, the relative abundance of duodenal Firmicutes, jejunal Saccharibacteria, and Verrucomicrobia significantly decreased in the LNO and HLS groups (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the LNO and HLS groups. Compared with the CON and HLS groups, the RA of duodenal and jejunal Proteobacteria remarkably increased in the LNO group (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the CON and HLS groups. Compared with the CON and LNO groups, the RA of Actinobacteria remarkably increased in the small intestine of the HLS group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the CON and LNO groups in the duodenum and ileum. The results of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the HLS group was characterized by a higher RA of the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group in the small intestine and the LNO group was represented by a higher RA of the Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group in the cecum and colon, while the CON group was represented by a higher RA of Solobacterium, Pseudoramibacter, and Acetitomaculum in the small intestine and a higher RA of norank_o__Bradymonadales, the Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, and Ruminiclostridium_1 in the cecum and colon. In conclusion, the addition of flaxseed oil and grain rich in c18:3n3 to the diet could reduce the microbial diversity of the small intestinal segments and the microbial diversity and richness of the cecum and colon in Albas cashmere goats. And flaxseed grain is more efficient than flaxseed oil in protecting intestinal health and promoting the absorption of c18:3n3.

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“…Meanwhile, abundance of Ruminiclostridium 9 altered when probiotic (PROB) or probiotic/prebiotic/essential oil supplement (PPEO) had been taken during a subclinical NE challenge in broiler chickens. Consistently, abundance of Intestinibacter in gut was closely related to diet such as arabinoxylan and mixed linkage glucans [30] as well as axseed oil [31]. These nutrients were generally believed to help relieve constipation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Causal relationship between gut microbiota and constipation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

He,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background As one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, recent study has shown that dysfunction in the gut microbiota might lead to constipation. However, the causality between the gut microbiota and constipation is unclear. Methods Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) used to obtain the summary-level data of constipation through IEU OpenGWAS database, and constipation was used as outcome. In addition, MiBioGen was used to gain the summary data of gut microbiota, including Ruminiclostridium 9, Intestinibacter, Anaerotruncus, Butyricimonas and Hungatella, which were used as exposure factors. Univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to evaluate the causality of gut microbiota on constipation. In briefly, Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was regarded as a main method to estimate the causality of gut microbiota and constipation, and supplemented by other four methods, including MR-egger, Weighted median, Simple mode and Weighted mode. Finally, funnel plot, heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test and leave-one-out test were used to evaluate the reliability of MR results. Results Ruminiclostridium 9 and Intestinibacter were causally associated with constipation and were the protective factors for constipation based on the MR analysis of IVW. The causal odds ratio (OR) values of Ruminiclostridium 9 and Intestinibacter were 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–0.78; P < 0.001) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.93; P < 0.001) for constipation. Moreover, Anaerotruncus, Butyricimonas and Hungatella were also causally associated with constipation but were the risk factors for constipation. The OR values of Anaerotruncus, Butyricimonas and Hungatella were 1.08 (95% CI 1.02–1.13; P = 0.007), 1.07 (95% CI 1.01–1.13; P = 0.015), 1.03 (95% CI 1.00-1.06; P = 0.037) respectively. Furthermore, validation by funnel plot, heterogeneity test and horizontal pleiotropy test showed that MR results were reliable. Conclusion Ruminiclostridium 9, Intestinibacter, Anaerotruncus, Butyricimonas and Hungatella were identified as causalities of constipation, which provided a basis for understanding pathology of constipation and new insights into prevention and treatment.

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Flaxseed Oil and Heated Flaxseed Supplements Have Different Effects on Lipid Deposition and Ileal Microbiota in Albas Cashmere Goats

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, rumen characteristics and serum parameters of lambs fed microencapsulated or conventional linseed oil

Performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, rumen characteristics and serum parameters of lambs fed microencapsulated or conventional linseed oil

Intestinal Microbiota Community and Blood Fatty Acid Profiles of Albas Cashmere Goats Fed with Flaxseed Oil and Whole Flaxseed

Causal relationship between gut microbiota and constipation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

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