Flaw-sensitivity of a tough hydrogel under monotonic and cyclic loads

Zhou, Yifan; Hu, Jian; Zhao, Pingping; Zhang, Wenlei; Suo, Zhigang; Lu, Tongqing

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2021.104483

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…When the crack propagates in a sample, a region around the crack tip dissipates energy, which resists crack growth. The approximate size of this dissipative zone is given by the fractocohesive length G c / W c ( 59 , 60 ). The fractocohesive length also measures the flaw sensitivity of a material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can also define a characteristic length by the ratio of G th / W e , which represents the flaw sensitivity of the material under cyclic stretch. The length is called endurance fractocohesive length ( 60 ). When the precut is shorter than that length, the fatigue strength is insensitive to the precut.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6), fatigue under cyclic stretch has seldom been characterized for soft biological tissues. The only data available to us are from our own measurements of BP, which we compare with available data for synthetic soft materials ( 60 , 62 – 64 , 72 , 73 ). Most synthetic soft materials have an endurance fractocohesive length in the range 100 μm to 1 mm, which is one or two orders of magnitude lower than that of BP (~1 cm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flaw-insensitive fatigue resistance of chemically fixed collagenous soft tissues

Zeng

Liu

Yu³

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Bovine pericardium (BP) has been used as leaflets of prosthetic heart valves. The leaflets are sutured on metallic stents and can survive 400 million flaps (~10-year life span), unaffected by the suture holes. This flaw-insensitive fatigue resistance is unmatched by synthetic leaflets. We show that the endurance strength of BP under cyclic stretch is insensitive to cuts as long as 1 centimeter, about two orders of magnitude longer than that of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The flaw-insensitive fatigue resistance of BP results from the high strength of collagen fibers and soft matrix between them. When BP is stretched, the soft matrix enables a collagen fiber to transmit tension over a long length. The energy in the long length dissipates when the fiber breaks. We demonstrate that a BP leaflet greatly outperforms a TPU leaflet. It is hoped that these findings will aid the development of soft materials for flaw-insensitive fatigue resistance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flaw-insensitive fatigue resistance of chemically fixed collagenous soft tissues

Zeng

Liu

Yu³

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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“…Blunting mitigates the effect of stress concentrations caused by cracks and can be correlated to the remarkable property of flaw tolerance. This is defined as the insensitivity of a material to cracks and defects and has been recently investigated experimentally and numerically 3,15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is defined as the insensitivity of a material to cracks and defects and has been recently investigated experimentally and numerically. 3,15 In the present work, we briefly summarize the analytical crack-tip fields in nonlinear elastic materials, focusing in particular on a class of isotropic exponential strain-hardening models commonly applied to elastomers and biological tissues. Through refined finite element (FE) analyses at the crack tip, we obtain the deformed profiles of the crack under mode I loading and compute a local radius of curvature at the crack tip, which provides a measure of the elastic blunting of the crack under loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack‐tip blunting and its implications on fracture of soft materials

Spagnoli

Brighenti

Montanari

et al. 2023

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Fracture of compliant materials is preceded by large deformations that reshape initially sharp cracks into rounded defects. This phenomenon, known as elastic crack blunting, is peculiar of rubber-like polymers and soft biological tissues, such as skin, vessel walls, and tendons. With this work, we aim to provide a discussion on crack-tip blunting and its implications in terms of tearing resistance and flaw tolerance of soft elastic materials. The characteristic features of the crack-tip zone in the framework of nonlinear elasticity are reviewed analytically and with the help of finite element analyses on pure shear cracked geometries. Specifically, the strain-hardening behavior typical of soft biological tissues is addressed, and we illustrate its effect on crack-tip blunting, in terms of a local radius of curvature at the crack tip. A simplified

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Flaw-sensitivity of a tough hydrogel under monotonic and cyclic loads

Cited by 29 publications

References 67 publications

Flaw-insensitive fatigue resistance of chemically fixed collagenous soft tissues

Flaw-insensitive fatigue resistance of chemically fixed collagenous soft tissues

Crack‐tip blunting and its implications on fracture of soft materials

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