Flavor Preferences Conditioned by Intragastric Nutrient Infusions in Rats fed Chow or a Cafeteria Diet

Pérez, Catalina; Fanizza, Lawrence J; Sclafani, Anthony

doi:10.1006/appe.1998.0182

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, some studies also observed increases in the intake of the flavored solutions paired with IG carbohydrate self-infusions during one-bottle testing. In rats given short daily tests (e.g., 30 min), this nutrient-induced increase in acceptance did not occur until after multiple test sessions (11,32,54). With long daily sessions (20 -24 h), nutrient infusions can stimulate intake in the very first session, but, as previously noted, animals consumed the CSϩ in multiple bouts in these long sessions, and it is not clear when the post-oral stimulation of intake occurred within the session (33,36,37,50).…”

Section: Glucose Stimulated Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like conditioned preference, conditioned acceptance involves a learned enhancement in the reward value of the flavor, as indicated by the finding that intake remains elevated even when the flavored solution is no longer paired with the IG nutrient infusion (42). Nutrient-conditioned flavor acceptance in rats given short (20 -30 min) training sessions was not evident until after multiple sessions (5 or more) (11,32,54). Preliminary experiments in our laboratory led to the development of new test paradigms that revealed rapid (within 15 min) stimulation of ingestion by the post-oral actions of glucose in C57BL/6J (B6) mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rapid post-oral stimulation of intake and flavor conditioning by glucose and fat in the mouse

Zukerman

Ackroff

Sclafani

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Although widely assumed to have only satiating actions, nutrients in the gut can also condition increases in intake in some cases. Here we studied the time course of post-oral nutrient stimulation of ingestion in food-restricted C57BL/6J mice. In experiment 1, mice adapted to drink a 0.8% sucralose solution 1 h/day, rapidly increased their rate of licking (within 4 -6 min) when first tested with an 8% glucose solution and even more so in tests 2 and 3. Other mice decreased their licking rate when switched from sucralose to 8% fructose, a sugar that is sweet like glucose but lacks positive post-oral effects in mice. The glucose-stimulated drinking is due to the sugar's post-oral rather than taste properties, because sucralose is highly preferred to glucose and fructose in brief choice tests. A second experiment showed that the glucose-stimulated ingestion is associated with a conditioned flavor preference in both intact and capsaicin-treated mice. This indicates that the post-oral stimulatory action of glucose is not mediated by capsaicin-sensitive visceral afferents. In experiment 3, mice consumed flavored saccharin solutions as they self-infused water or glucose via an intragastric (IG) catheter. The glucose self-infusion stimulated ingestion within 13-15 min in test 1 and produced a conditioned increase in licking that was apparent in the initial minute of tests 2 and 3. Experiment 4 revealed that IG self-infusions of a fat emulsion also resulted in post-oral stimulation of licking in test 1 and conditioned increases in tests 2 and 3. These findings indicate that glucose and fat can generate stimulatory post-oral signals early in a feeding session that increase ongoing ingestion and condition increases in flavor acceptance and preference revealed in subsequent feeding sessions. The test procedures developed here can be used to investigate the peripheral and central processes involved in stimulation of intake by post-oral nutrients.conditioned flavor acceptance and preference; fructose; sucralose; capsaicin deafferentation; intragastric infusion THE OROSENSORY AND POST-ORAL nutritional properties of foods are important determinants of food intake and preference. The flavors of palatable foods, i.e., their taste, odor, and texture, stimulate feeding, whereas post-oral signals are often assumed to have only inhibitory action via satiation signals that terminate a feeding bout and satiety signals that suppress postmeal eating (10,24,56). However, there is extensive evidence that nutrients can have other post-oral effects that condition food preferences and, in some cases, increase intake (42). This has been demonstrated, for example, by studies in which rodents are trained to drink a flavored nonnutritive solution paired with intragastric (IG) self-infusion of a nutrient. Typically, animals are given multiple training trials with one flavor (the conditioned stimulus or CSϩ) paired with a concurrent IG nutrient self-infusion and a second flavor (CSϪ) paired with IG water self-infusion on alternate training days. T...

show abstract

Section: Glucose Stimulated Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid post-oral stimulation of intake and flavor conditioning by glucose and fat in the mouse

Zukerman

Ackroff

Sclafani

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That food nutritive content regulates food intake in mammals was best shown by intragastric (IG) infusion experiments. If rats are given a choice of water from two tubes, drinking from one of which results in the IG infusion of sugar or fat, while drinking from the other only results in water infusion, animals develop a 90% preference for a tube pared with a nutrient (Elizalde and Sclafani, 1990;Perez et al, 1999). Therefore, mammals can learn to choose the food source solely based on its nutritive content, even when no taste cues are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary choice behavior inCaenorhabditis elegans

Shtonda

Avery

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

383

438

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animals have evolved diverse behaviors that serve the purpose of finding food in the environment. We investigated the food seeking strategy of the soil bacteriaeating nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans bacterial food varies in quality: some species are easy to eat and support worm growth well, while others do not. We show that worms exhibit dietary choice: they hunt for high quality food and leave hard-to-eat bacteria. This food seeking behavior is enhanced in animals that have already experienced good food. When hunting for good food, worms alternate between two modes of locomotion, known as dwelling: movement with frequent stops and reversals; and roaming: straight rapid movement. On good food, roaming is very rare, while on bad food it is common. Using laser ablations and mutant analysis, we show that the AIY neurons serve to extend roaming periods, and are essential for efficient food seeking.Supplementary material available online at

show abstract

“…In mammals, a diet loaded with fats and sugars stimulates overfeeding and leads to obesity (13). In addition, rats can learn to select a source of food based exclusively on its nutritional value in the absence of external cues (14).In Caenorhabditis elegans, as in mammals, nutritive value is a behavioral stimulus (1, 4). Nematodes exhibit different behaviors when cultured on low-quality food compared to high-quality food, with high-quality food defined as a superior supporter of worm growth (1, 4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ETS-5 transcription factor regulates activity states in Caenorhabditis elegans by controlling satiety

Juozaityte

Pladevall‐Morera

Podolska

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal behavior is shaped through interplay among genes, the environment, and previous experience. As in mammals, satiety signals induce quiescence in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we report that the C. elegans transcription factor ETS-5, an ortholog of mammalian FEV/Pet1, controls satiety-induced quiescence. Nutritional status has a major influence on C. elegans behavior. When foraging, food availability controls behavioral state switching between active (roaming) and sedentary (dwelling) states; however, when provided with high-quality food, C. elegans become sated and enter quiescence. We show that ETS-5 acts to promote roaming and inhibit quiescence by setting the internal "satiety quotient" through fat regulation. Acting from the ASG and BAG sensory neurons, we show that ETS-5 functions in a complex network with serotonergic and neuropeptide signaling pathways to control food-regulated behavioral state switching. Taken together, our results identify a neuronal mechanism for controlling intestinal fat stores and organismal behavioral states in C. elegans, and establish a paradigm for the elucidation of obesity-relevant mechanisms.ETS transcription factor | neuronal signaling | satiety | fat levels | quiescence A nimal behavior is strongly influenced by the availability of food. In invertebrates and vertebrates, appetite, locomotor activity, and sleep rhythms are all driven by nutritional state (1-7). When malnourished, animals seek out a new food source by actively exploring their environment (roaming), whereas animals that are well fed tend to explore less (dwelling) and when fully sated enter a quiescent or sleep-like state (1-3, 8, 9). Transitions between these behavioral states can be regulated by sensory perception of external stimuli and through gut signals or other internal cues that are generated according to food quality (3,4,6).Initial evidence for neuronal regulation of feeding behavior was shown in mammals using hypothalamic lesions (10). Sectioning of specific regions within the rat hypothalamus evoked opposing behaviors. Removal of one section caused overeating and obesity, whereas removal of an adjacent section resulted in starvation owing to reduced eating (10). Subsequent studies showed that the pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus function to suppress feeding, whereas a hypothalamic region that contains neuropeptide Y/agouti-related protein-expressing neurons promotes feeding (11). These adjacent brain regions integrate signals received from the gut that report satiety (12). The nutritive content of food itself also serves as a potent regulator of behavior. In mammals, a diet loaded with fats and sugars stimulates overfeeding and leads to obesity (13). In addition, rats can learn to select a source of food based exclusively on its nutritional value in the absence of external cues (14).In Caenorhabditis elegans, as in mammals, nutritive value is a behavioral stimulus (1, 4). Nematodes exhibit different behaviors when cultured on low-quality food compared to high-quality...

show abstract

Flavor Preferences Conditioned by Intragastric Nutrient Infusions in Rats fed Chow or a Cafeteria Diet

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

Rapid post-oral stimulation of intake and flavor conditioning by glucose and fat in the mouse

Rapid post-oral stimulation of intake and flavor conditioning by glucose and fat in the mouse

Dietary choice behavior inCaenorhabditis elegans

The ETS-5 transcription factor regulates activity states in Caenorhabditis elegans by controlling satiety

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About