Flavonol glycosides from four pine species that inhibit early instar gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) development

Beninger, Clifford W.; Abou-Zaid, Mamdouh M.

doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(97)00034-3

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our results show that potential allelochemicals are present in Elodea leaves as well as coated Potamogeton leaves in low but ecologically relevant concentrations, comparable to concentrations effective in terrestrial systems (Beninger and Abou-Zaid 1997). We thus assume that the chemical defense in E. nuttallii is a powerful trait to protect plants against herbivores and might further strengthen the invasiveness of this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…might be defended against herbivores (Newman 1991;Kornijow et al 1995). The natural concentrations of the luteolin-derivative in E. nuttallii (0.02-1.2% of plant dry mass, see above) and the other two flavonoids (at least 0.014% for chrysoeriol glucuronide and 0.02% for apigenin glucuronide; Mues 1983) are comparable to the content of structurally related allelochemicals found in other plant species (Beninger and Abou-Zaid 1997). Even though the enrichment of P. lucens with E. nuttallii extracts yielded concentrations only at the lower range found in field E. nuttallii, our observed effects suggest that chemical defense should be relevant under natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Filter disks and artificial diets supplemented with pure chemicals or plant extracts have been extensively used to feed terrestrial caterpillars such as Lymantria, Spodoptera, or Helicoverpa (Beninger and Abou-Zaid 1997;Calderon et al 2001;Simmonds and Stevenson 2001). Diets based on agar have been successfully fed to marine omnivores like amphipods, isopods, or sea urchins (Hay et al 1994;Cruz-Rivera and Hay 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Defense in Elodea nuttallii Reduces Feeding and Growth of Aquatic Herbivorous Lepidoptera

2007

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The submersed macrophyte Elodea nuttallii (Hydrocharitaceae) is invasive in Europe and frequently found in aquatic plant communities. Many invertebrate herbivores, such as larvae of the generalist aquatic moth, Acentria ephemerella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), avoid feeding on E. nuttallii and preferably consume native species. First instar larvae exhibited a high mortality on E. nuttallii compared to the native macrophyte Potamogeton perfoliatus. Mortality of older larvae was also high when fed E. nuttallii exposed to high light intensities. Growth of older larvae was strongly reduced on E. nuttallii compared to pondweeds (Potamogeton lucens). Neither differences in nitrogen nor phosphorus content explained the different performance on these submerged macrophytes, but plants differed in their flavonoid content. To investigate whether plant-derived allelochemicals from E. nuttallii affect larval performance in the same way as live plants, we developed a functional bioassay, in which Acentria larvae were reared on artificial diets. We offered larvae Potamogeton leaf disks coated with crude Elodea extracts and partially purified flavonoids. Elodea extracts deterred larvae from feeding on otherwise preferred Potamogeton leaves, and yet, unknown compounds in the extracts reduced growth and survival of Acentria. The flavonoid fraction containing luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide, apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide, and chrysoeriol-7-O-diglucuronide strongly reduced feeding of larvae, but did not increase mortality. The concentrations of these compounds in our assays were 0.01-0.09% of plant dry mass, which is in the lower range of concentrations found in the field (0.02-1.2%). Chemical defense in E. nuttallii thus plays an ecologically relevant role in this aquatic plant-herbivore system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Defense in Elodea nuttallii Reduces Feeding and Growth of Aquatic Herbivorous Lepidoptera

2007

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“…It is likely that the complex chemistry of secondary metabolism in Scots pine was the key factor causing the low susceptibility of this species to herbivorous insects and rodents (Wagner and Evans 1985;Iason et al 2011). Beninger andAbou-Zaid (1997) substantiated that flavonol glycosides protect P. sylvestris and other pine species from feeding damage by gypsy moth larvae which defoliated most seedlings and killed many seedlings of Siberian larch in the study of and which is also an important factor limiting the growth of mature larch trees in Mongolia Dulamsuren et al 2010a). Competition by grasses and herbs is another potential factor that could limit the successful establishment of pine in the forest-steppe ecotone (Castro et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling emergence and establishment of Pinus sylvestris in the Mongolian forest-steppe ecotone

2012

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The potential of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) for regeneration and encroachment onto dry grasslands in the forest-steppe ecotone was experimentally studied at the south-eastern distribution limit of the species in Mongolia. The experiment consisted of a sowing and planting (2-year old seedlings) assay at two different distances from the forest line and manipulation of the water supply by irrigation in one half of the replicate plots. Seedling emergence was strongly inhibited by post-dispersal seed predation (between 50 and[90 % of the seeds were apparently consumed) and by drought. Seedling survival was limited by drought and phytopathogenic fungi that infected the needles. Herbivory by insects or rodents, a key factor for seedling mortality in Larix sibirica, the most frequent tree species in Mongolia's forest-steppe ecotone, was of little importance in Scots pine, probably due to the production of efficient allelochemicals. The potential of Scots pine to regenerate in Mongolia's forest-steppe ecotone and to encroach onto the steppe is very limited and mostly restricted to the immediate vicinity of the forest; it might even decrease in future in the face of climate warming. The observed dependence of seedling emergence and survival on soil moisture suggests that regeneration outside the forest may only be successful in exceptionally moist years. Livestock grazing is certainly an additional limiting factor for Scots pine regeneration in Mongolia, but was not relevant in the present study area.

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“…Several studies have investigated the mode of action of phenolic compounds from different parts of trees, as agents against invasion by insects or microorganisms. In 1997, Beninger et al provided analytical proof that red and white pine needles contained several phenolic compounds belonging to the class of flavonols (Table 5) which are known to counter the invasion by early gypsy moth instars (Lymantria dispar L.) (Beninger & Abou-Zaid, 1997). Bark or wood extractives from Scots pine (P. sylvestris) have been the subject of several studies.…”

Section: Current Knowledge On Pinus Extractives and Their Biological mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-wood Forest Products Based on Extractives- A New Opportunity for Canadian Forest Industry Part 2- Softwood Forest Species

Royer¹,

Houde²,

Stevanović³

2013

JFR

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Forest resources are among the most important of Canada (in the case of Quebec, nearly 90% of the territory). Innovation represents an essential challenge for the Canadian forest industry, which is presently undergoing major changes towards finding new solutions for recovery. The processing of forest biomass has become increasingly relevant along with the popular concept of biorefineries. This concept should include the development of novel technologies based on forest extractives. Bioactive molecules are readily available through eco-friendly extraction processes using various types of forest residues including barks which are generated in significant quantities by the industry. This literature review offers a glimpse into the softwood boreal forest with a particular focus on industrial species. We are adopting an ethno-pharmacological approach prior to presenting existing data on bioactive molecules from various sources, along with results from our own laboratory. In conclusion, this paper clearly demonstrates the need for further research on bioactive molecules from Canadian forest species since there remains an important lack of reliable data.

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Flavonol glycosides from four pine species that inhibit early instar gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) development

Cited by 58 publications

References 28 publications

Chemical Defense in Elodea nuttallii Reduces Feeding and Growth of Aquatic Herbivorous Lepidoptera

Chemical Defense in Elodea nuttallii Reduces Feeding and Growth of Aquatic Herbivorous Lepidoptera

Seedling emergence and establishment of Pinus sylvestris in the Mongolian forest-steppe ecotone

Non-wood Forest Products Based on Extractives- A New Opportunity for Canadian Forest Industry Part 2- Softwood Forest Species

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