Flavonoids of <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. (meswak) and its liposomal formulation as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2

Owis, Asmaa I.; El-Hawary, Marwa S.; Amir, Dalia El; Refaat, Hesham; Alaaeldin, Eman; Aly, Omar M.; Elrehany, Mahmoud A.; Kamel, Mohamed S.

doi:10.1039/d1ra00142f

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Lastly, Owis et al upheld the status of a mixture of eleven flavonoids, constituting primarily of the flavonols kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives, as having potent cell-based inhibitory activities against 3CLpro using a protease assay and A549 cells. Furthermore, with a lipid encapsulation of the compound, the authors reported significantly higher inhibition (85% vs. 38%), owing to a higher uptake of these otherwise hydrophilic flavonoids through cell membranes (Table 1) [127].…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, 3CLpro was investigated against flavonols and flavones more than other subclasses of flavonoids. Tables 1 and 2 summarize the in vitro activities of various flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, and PLpro reported in the literature, respectively [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128].…”

Section: Antiviral Activity Of Flavonoids Against Sars-cov-2 Proteases (3clpro and Plpro)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, Owis et al investigated the inhibitory effects of a mixture of the derivatives of kaempferol and isorhamnetin. The O-glycosylation at C3 of the C-ring in kaempferol glycosylated analogs was the source of the inhibitory activity despite the lower performance of base kaempferol [127].…”

Section: Flavonoids Against Other Sars-cov-2 Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promising Antiviral Activities of Natural Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Targets: Systematic Review

Kaul

Paul

Kumar

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a globally leading public health concern over the past two years. Despite the development and administration of multiple vaccines, the mutation of newer strains and challenges to universal immunity has shifted the focus to the lack of efficacious drugs for therapeutic intervention for the disease. As with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other non-respiratory viruses, flavonoids present themselves as a promising therapeutic intervention given their success in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and more recently, in clinical studies. This review focuses on data from in vitro studies analyzing the effects of flavonoids on various key SARS-CoV-2 targets and presents an analysis of the structure-activity relationships for the same. From 27 primary papers, over 69 flavonoids were investigated for their activities against various SARS-CoV-2 targets, ranging from the promising 3C-like protease (3CLpro) to the less explored nucleocapsid (N) protein; the most promising were quercetin and myricetin derivatives, baicalein, baicalin, EGCG, and tannic acid. We further review promising in silico studies featuring activities of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 and list ongoing clinical studies involving the therapeutic potential of flavonoid-rich extracts in combination with synthetic drugs or other polyphenols and suggest prospects for the future of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antiviral Activity Of Flavonoids Against Sars-cov-2 Proteases (3clpro and Plpro)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Promising Antiviral Activities of Natural Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Targets: Systematic Review

Kaul

Paul

Kumar

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The respective IC 50 values were almost identical, 2.47 and 2.46 μg/mL [139] . Comparable IC 50 values were also calculated for the flavonoid-rich fraction of the aqueous extract of Salvadora persica (IC 50 =8.59 μg/mL), the aqueous extracts of green (IC 50 =8.9 μg/mL) and black tea (IC 50 =10.0 μg/mL) and Terminalia chebula (IC 50 =8.8 μg/mL), as well as the ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (IC 50 =8.52 μg/mL), calculated through a fluorescent, colorimetric and casein substrate inhibition assays [105] , [140] , [141] . Lastly, the aqueous extract of licorice is reported to have an antiviral effect at a concentration of 2 mg/mL in Vero E6 cells infected with a viral load of 100 times the 50% tissue culture infective dose/mL [132] .…”

Section: Plant Extracts With Inhibitory Activity Against Sars-cov-2 M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) by repurposing/designing drug-like substances and utilizing nature’s toolbox of bioactive compounds

Αντωνοπούλου

Sapountzaki

Rova

2022

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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“…The valuable targeted drug delivery system of liposomes has been introduced for being biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and its capability of encapsulating both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs [16,17]. Those unique characteristics of liposomes guarantee the encapsulation of the hydrophilic and lipophilic components of natural extracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Optimized Liposomes in Enhancement of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis of Encapsulated Egyptian Propolis on Hep-2 Cell Line

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Development of pharmaceutical dosage forms of natural products has gained great interest recently. Propolis is a natural product with various active compounds and multiple pharmacological activities. Its resinous nature and low bioavailability were obstacles in the optimum use of this magnificent natural product. Aim: This study evaluates the effect of using liposomes as a drug delivery system on the enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of propolis on squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) of head and neck. Methods: An optimized liposomal formulation of propolis was prepared using the conventional thin film hydration method 1, 2. The prepared (Hep-2) cell line was treated with different concentrations of propolis and optimized propolis liposomes for 24 h. The effect of both propolis and propolis liposomes on cell line was investigated using MTT assay, cytological examination, and nuclear morphometric analysis. The effect of the drugs on the cell apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V. Results: The findings revealed that both propolis and propolis liposomes have a cytotoxic effect on Hep-2 cell line through induction of apoptosis. The effect was dose dependent. However, a statistically significant enhancement in propolis-mediated apoptosis on Hep-2 cells was elucidated due to encapsulation within the prepared liposomes. Conclusion: Liposome is a powerful tool for enhancing the cytotoxicity of propolis against Hep-2 cell line.

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Flavonoids of Salvadora persica L. (meswak) and its liposomal formulation as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2

Abstract: Several studies are now underway as a worldwide response for the containment of the COVID-19 outbreak; unfortunately, none of them have resulted in an effective treatment.

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Promising Antiviral Activities of Natural Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Targets: Systematic Review

Promising Antiviral Activities of Natural Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Targets: Systematic Review

Inhibition of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) by repurposing/designing drug-like substances and utilizing nature’s toolbox of bioactive compounds

The Potential of Optimized Liposomes in Enhancement of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis of Encapsulated Egyptian Propolis on Hep-2 Cell Line

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