Flavonoids in the Species of the Family Araceae: A Review

Abstract

Flavonoids is one of the secondary metabolites and consists of two phenyl rings (A- and B-rings) connected by a three carbon bridge. Over 8000 kinds of flavonoids were reported from vascular plants and Bryophytes. This paper reviewed the flavonoid characters of the Araceae s.l. (including the Lemnaceae). Major flavonoids of the family were C-glycosylflavones with the exception for subfamilies Gymnostachydoideae and Orontioideae. Other flavonoid classes, i.e. anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, flavan and proanthocyanidins, were reported in all subfamilies. Flavanone and C-glycosylflavanone were isolated from Spirodela polyrhiza and Anthurium binotii, respectively. However, dihydroflavonol, chalcone, dihydrochalcone, aurone, and isoflavonoids were not reported in the Araceae. Although Araceae s.l. is a large family consisting of ca. 3645 species and ca. 144 genera, flavonoids were surveyed only in 146 species of 48 genera, as far as known.

Potensi Tanaman Hutan Schismatoglottis sp. sebagai Obat untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan dan Keberagaman Produk Biofarmaka Pertanian Indonesia

“…Hanya 146 spesies dari 48 marga yang telah di observasi dari 3645 spesies 144 marga (Iwashina 2020). Iwashina (2020) menyatakan bahwa famili Araceae yang telah dideteksi kandungan flavonoidnya yakni dari delapan subfamili.…”

“…Hanya 146 spesies dari 48 marga yang telah di observasi dari 3645 spesies 144 marga (Iwashina 2020). Iwashina (2020) menyatakan bahwa famili Araceae yang telah dideteksi kandungan flavonoidnya yakni dari delapan subfamili. Subfamili tersebut adalah Gymnostachydoideae (Gymnostachys), subfamili Orontioideae (Lysichiton, Orontium, Symplocarpus), subfamili Lemnoideae (Lemna, Spirodela, Wolffia, Wolffillea), subfamili Pothoideae (Anthurium, Pothos), subfamili Monsteroideae (Scindapsus), Subfamili Lasioideae (Dracontium, Lasia), subfamili Aroideae (Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Anchomanes, Anubias, Apobalis, Arisaema, Arisarum, Arophyton, Arum, Asterostigma, Biarum, Caladium, Calla, Carlephyton, Cercestis, Colocasia, Cryptocoryne, Culcasia, Dracunculus, Eminium, Helicodiceros, Homalomena, Peltandra, Philodendron, Pinellia, Pistia, Sauromatum, Stylochaeton, Synandrospadix, Syngonium, Typhonium, Typhonodorum, Xanthosoma, Zanthodeschia), dan famili Acoraceae (Acorus).…”

“…Menjadi subfamili dengan jumlah yang paling banyak, subfamili Schismatoglottis memiliki potensi sebagai bahan obat selain sebagai tanaman hias (Chen dkk., 2007). Meskipun beberapa famili Araceae telah teridentifikasi kandungan flavonoidnya (Iwashina, 2020;Chen dkk., 2007), akan tetapi identifikasi kandungan di subfamili Schismatoglottis belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Selain itu, dikarenakan adanya kegiatan deforestasi, spesies tanaman termasuk Schismatlogottis akan membahayakan keberadaannya.…”