Flavonoids from the Roots of Sophora flavescens and Their Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activities

Abstract

The phytochemical investigation of the roots of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sophora flavescens led to the isolation of two novel prenylflavonoids with an unusual cyclohexyl substituent instead of the common aromatic ring B, named 4′,4′-dimethoxy-sophvein (17) and sophvein-4′-one (18), and 34 known compounds (1–16, 19–36). The structures of these chemical compounds were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRESIMS data. Furthermore, evaluations of nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells indicated that some compounds exhibited obvious inhibition effects, with IC50 ranged from 4.6 ± 1.1 to 14.4 ± 0.4 μM. Moreover, additional research demonstrated that some compounds inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells, with an IC50 ranging from 0.46 ± 0.1 to 48.6 ± 0.8 μM. These results suggest that flavonoid derivatives from the roots of S. flavescens can be used as a latent source of antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory agents.

Impact of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment Duration on Distilled Water Physicochemical Characteristics

“…These substances are highly unstable and possess potent oxidizing properties, and they dissolve in water in large quantities during exposure to plasma, resulting in an elevation of EC [6]. Yang et al [4] investigated the EC variation in PAWs; they revealed a drastic increase in EC within a 5-minute timeframe. This notable increase was primarily attributed to the generation of active substances, such as ROS and RNS, which are formed when air is ionized and dissolved in water.…”

“…Yang et al [4] noticed that the pH of the PAW dropped as the treatment duration increased. This pH decrease was a result of water ionization, resulting in the generation of H+ ions and acidic compounds such as nitric acid and nitrous acid.…”

“…Additionally, PAW has been shown to have potential in environmental applications, such as the removal of pollutants and the treatment of wastewater [3]. The physical and chemical properties of PAW are crucial factors that determine its effectiveness in different applications [1], [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

The quality evaluation of 30 Asparagus officinalis L. varieties

“…The main edible part of asparagus is the spear, which is delicious and rich in nutrients such as various types of amino acids, minerals, and phytochemicals such as steroids, flavonoids, and other bioactive ingredients (Fuentes‐Alventosa et al., 2009 ; Yi et al., 2019 ). Flavonoids are important components in asparagus, which may provide antiallergic, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant activities to human body (Ferreyra et al., 2012 ; Franca et al., 2023 ; Li et al., 2023 ; Silva et al., 2023 ; Xu et al., 2023 ; Yang et al., 2023 ; Zhang et al., 2023 ). Rutin comprises the largest proportion of flavonoids in asparagus (Fuentes‐Alventosa et al., 2007 ).…”

“…Flavonoids are important components in asparagus, which may provide antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant activities to human body (Ferreyra et al, 2012;Franca et al, 2023;Silva et al, 2023;Xu et al, 2023;Yang et al, 2023;Zhang et al, 2023). Rutin comprises the largest proportion of flavonoids in asparagus (Fuentes-Alventosa et al, 2007).…”