Flavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron and Their Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities

Abstract

Selaginella doederleinii Hieron. (S. doederleinii) is a traditional herb that is widely used in China to treat several ailments, but mainly cancer. Studies have been carried out to determine the phytochemicals ascribed to its pharmacological activity. However, both phytochemical and pharmacological profiles have not been fully explored as few compounds have been reported. This study evaluated the flavonoid content of the ethanol extract and its four fractions (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) together with their antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays). Further, the antiproliferative activity was evaluated. Two new secondary metabolites (1 and 3) were isolated from S. doederleinii, which comprised of an apigenin skeleton with a phenyl attached at C-8 of ring A and an acetyl group. Additionally, other known metabolites 2 and 4–16 were isolated, whereby compounds 2, 4, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 16 were reported for the first time in this species. These compounds were evaluated for their antioxidative potentials by both DPPH and FRAP assays, and for their antiproliferative activities by the MTT assay on three human cancer cell lines: colon cancer (HT-29), cervical cancer (HeLa), and lung cancer (A549). Compound 7 exhibited the best activity on the three cancer cell lines (HT-29, HeLa, A549) by inhibiting the rate of growth of the cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 27.97, 35.47, and 20.71 µM, respectively. The structure–activity relationship of the pure compounds was highlighted in this study. Hence, the study enriched both the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of S. doederleinii.

Variation of the phenolic composition and a-glucosidase inhibition potential of seeds, soaked seeds, and sprouts of four wild forms and four varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

“…The current results reveal the common bean genotypes analyzed as important sources of phenolic compounds. This is relevant due to the important bioactivities that these compounds have (7,9).…”

“…In addition to the physiological and morphogenetic processes that take place during seed germination (1), changes in the synthesis and accumulation of specialized metabolites also can happen (2). These metabolites play important physiological roles in germinating seeds (3) and have agronomic (4,5) and pharmaceutical importance (6,7). For Paseolus vulgaris, one of the most economically important edible species of Fabaceae, in whose seeds, phenolics are the predominant bioactive compounds (8), the deter-mination of the changes in its composition could support the understanding of its germination mechanism, as well as the development of markers for the selection of genotypes accumulating high levels of phenolics and the evaluation of the potential of common bean sprouts as a functional food.…”

“…Phenolics are among the major bioactive plant specialized metabolites which improve human health (6,7,(9)(10)(11). One of the most relevant bioactivities of phenolic compounds is their capacity to inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of sugars (12), Thus, plant foods which are rich in these compounds are so important because they have the hypoglycemic potential.…”

A systematic review on antimicrobial activities of green synthesised Selaginella silver nanoparticles

“…(Ref. 41 ) has evaluated the anti-proliferative activities of both Dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl-acetate (EA) extract of S. doederleinii on three cancer cell lines HT-29, He-La and A549 at different concentration ranging from 12.5 to 200 μ g/ml. The EA fraction exhibited anti-proliferative activity against the HT-29, He-La cell lines by inhibiting the cell growth rate in a dose-dependent manner with IC 50 values of 55.6 ± 1.3 and 69.2 ± 1.3 μ g/ml, while the DCM fraction exhibited the activity against A549 cell line with an IC 50 value of 55.9 ± 12.6 μ g/ml.…”

Ethnobotanical survey and preliminary phytochemical screening of Posa kumura: an uncharted ethnic food of Assam

“…Different types of flavonoids decrease the risk of many life-threatening diseases such as diabetes, cancer (Zhao et al 2019), stroke and heart attack (Ullah et al 2022). Flavonoids have also used as antimicrobial (Gupta et al 2022), antiviral (Shahrajabian et al 2022), antiangiogenic (Khater et al 2022), antimalarial, antioxidant (Jain 2022), neuroprotective, antitumor, and anti-proliferative agents (Muema et al 2022). In herbal medicine, cosmetics, phytosterol are important component (Sharma et al 2021).…”