Flavonoids from Apios americana Medikus Leaves Protect RAW264.7 Cells against Inflammation via Inhibition of MAPKs, Akt-mTOR Pathways, and Nfr2 Activation

Abstract

Apios americana Medikus was once widely accepted as staple food in India for a long time, and the tuber of which possesses high nutrients. During the past decades, most of the research has focused on the biological activity in the tubers of Apios americana Medikus whereas the leaves were ignored. In this study, the Apios americana Medikus leaf extract (ALE) was obtained and seven compounds were identified. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were used to study the anti-inflammation activity of ALE. As expected, ALE reduced the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling together with activation of Nrf2-Keap1 and FOXO pathways, as well as alleviating the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, ALE could activate HMGB1-Beclin1 and Sirt1-FoxO1 pathways and inhibit the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway to activate autophagy, protecting RAW264.7 cells from inflammation. In summary, our results suggested that ALE might help activate the anti-inflammation system, resulting in the prevention of LPS-induced damage in RAW264.7 cells.

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seed Oil Attenuates LPS-Induced BEAS-2B Cell Activation and Inflammation by Inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

“…can all induce inflammation. However, excessive inflammation can lead to disorders of the body, excessive production of oxygen free radicals, and ultimately destruction of homeostasis, which often leads to diseases such as fever, COPD, arthritis, and even cancer [8]. e toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is involved in the development of the COPD airway inflammation [9].…”

Targeting phytoprotection in the COVID-19-induced lung damage and associated systemic effects—the evidence-based 3PM proposition to mitigate individual risks

“…Ellagic acid and gallic acid both demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO, PGE-2, and IL-6 production in vitro [105]. LPS-induced inflammation is accepted as a classic inflammatory model [106]. Also, gallic acid inhibits the inflammatory response in macrophages through the blockage of TLR4/NF-κB induced by LPS [107].…”

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracts and Pure Compounds Derived from Plants via Modulation of Signaling Pathways, Especially PI3K/AKT in Macrophages

“…Both NF-κB and MAPK activation were significantly suppressed by Passiflora foetida [ 97 ], Heracleum moellendorffii [ 98 ], Vaccinium oldhamii [ 99 ], Dendropanax morbifera [ 100 ], Zingiber zerumbet [ 101 ], Apios americana [ 102 ]; Rosa rugosa [ 103 ], Phyllanthus amarus [ 104 ], Punica granatum [ 105 ], Castanea seguinii [ 106 ], Melandrii herba [ 107 ] and Acmella oleracea [ 108 ] extracts in macrophages. The NF-κB pathway and additionally ERK1/2 and JNK were inhibited by Aster incisus [ 109 ] and Fructus sophorae [ 110 ] extracts; ERK1/2 and p38 were attenuated by Hibiscus syriacus [ 111 ] and Rodgersia podophylla [ 112 ] extracts; JNK and p38 were decreased by Populus deltoides [ 113 ] and Xanthii fructus [ 114 ] extracts in macrophage cell lines.…”