Flavonoids as Chemotaxonomic Markers for Erythroxylum ulei

Abstract

Leaf extracts of Erythroxylum ulei O. E. Schulz, produced six O-conjugated flavonoids. Three of the flavonoid aglycones were isoflavones, two were isoflavanones and the remainder a flavonol (quercetin). The major glycosides of these flavonols included mono-and dirham-nosides, mono-glucosides and galactosides with either 3̕ 4̕, or 7 linkage or a combination thereof. The two isoflavanones, in addition to being glycosylated, possessed a methyl group at position 2 of the C-ring. These flavonoids may be used as chemotaxonomic markers for the taxon.

Flavonoids as Chemotaxonomic Markers for Erythroxylum australe

“…truxillense and E. coca var. ipadu (from Colombia, South America); Johnson et al, 1997Johnson et al, , 1998Johnson et al, , 2002Johnson et al, , 2003, as well as the previous work of Bohm et al, 1981] kaempferol was found. However, E. ulei and E. australe, with similar arrays of flavonoids, both lacked the presence of kaempferol (Johnson and Schmidt, 1999).…”

“…ipadu (from Colombia, South America); Johnson et al, 1997Johnson et al, , 1998Johnson et al, , 2002Johnson et al, , 2003, as well as the previous work of Bohm et al, 1981] kaempferol was found. However, E. ulei and E. australe, with similar arrays of flavonoids, both lacked the presence of kaempferol (Johnson and Schmidt, 1999). We recognize that there are differences (quantitative) in flavonoid compositions of leaf tissue harvested from greenhouse, field and/or feral grown Erythroxylum, and that changes in their flavonoids will occur under different environmental conditions or when improperly stored.…”

“…Flavonoids were extracted from dried leaves of E. australe as described by Johnson et al (1997). Two batches (0.030 kg/batch) of E. australe leaves were separately homogenized (anhydrously) in a Waring Blender for 30 s and placed in two glass beakers containing ca.…”

“…Our research on the presence of flavonoids in the Erythroxylum genus in 1999 gave an overview of past accomplishments of flavonoid research for the taxon (Johnson and Schmidt, 1999). This work included the summary detailed by Hegnauer (1981), inclusive also were the works by Bohm et al (1981Bohm et al ( , 1982Bohm et al ( , 1988, Evans (1981) as well as other investigators.…”

“…This work included the summary detailed by Hegnauer (1981), inclusive also were the works by Bohm et al (1981Bohm et al ( , 1982Bohm et al ( , 1988, Evans (1981) as well as other investigators. Commencing in 1997, Johnson et al characterized the uniqueness of leaf flavonoids for several varieties of the genus Erythroxylum and how their leaf flavonoid(s) could be used as chemotaxonomic markers for the taxon (Johnson et al, , 2002(Johnson et al, , 2003Johnson and Schmidt, 1999). As a continuation of our chemotaxonomic research on the Erythroxylum taxon, we: (i) report the presence of flavonoids present in the polar (methanolic) leaf extract from leaf tissue of Erythroxylum australe F.…”