Flavonoid Synthesis and Metabolism During the Fruit Development in Hickory (Carya cathayensis)

Chen, Jiahui; Hou, Na; Xv, Xv; Zhang, Da; Fan, Tongqiang; Zhang, Qixiang; Huang, Yajiang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.896421

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified by stage-specific transcriptomic analysis in the petals of Camellia nitidissima (Liu et al, 2023). Changes in the key genes and flavonoid metabolites were also investigated using metabolomics and transcriptomics in the developing exocarp and embryo of hickory (Chen et al, 2022). Metabolomics examines the overall metabolic profile of plant samples through high-throughput detection and data processing (Foito and Stewart, 2018) and can thus provide a reliable method for investigating compounds contributing to the flavor of the persimmon fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoid biosynthesis is complicated and diverse and requires the substrates derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway (Liu et al, 2021). Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, isoflavone biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis were observed to be enriched during the development of hickory fruit (Chen et al, 2022). In this study, a full-spectrum metabolomic determination of persimmon fruit was performed using liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in the MRM mode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, flavonoid biosynthesis is known to be influenced by the environment, developmental stage, plant variety, temperature, and tissue type (Azuma et al, 2012;Wen et al, 2020). Transcription factors (TFs) involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway have also been identified, such as R2R3MYB, bZIP, WD40, and bHLH (Chen et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal differences in flavonoid biosynthesis between PCNA and PCA persimmon fruit

et al. 2023

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The fruit of the persimmon (Diospyros kaki.) has high economic and nutritional value and is rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids are essential secondary metabolisms in plants. The association between persimmon astringency and changes in the proanthocyanidins (a flavonoid subclass) content is well-known. However, information on the relationships between different astringency types and other flavonoid subclasses and biosynthetic genes is more limited. In this study, an initial correlation analysis between total flavonoids and fruit astringency type, and KEGG analysis of metabolites showed that flavonoid-related pathways were linked to differences between mature pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA) varieties (‘Jiro’ and ‘Yohou’) and pollination-constant astringent (PCA) fruit varieties (‘Zhongshi5’ and ‘Huojing’). Based on these findings, variations in the expression of genes and metabolites associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were investigated between typical PCNA (‘Jiro’) and PCA (‘Huojing’) persimmons during fruit development. The flavonoid concentration in ‘Huojing’ fruit was significantly higher than that of ‘Jiro’ fruit, especially, in levels of proanthocyanin precursor epicatechin and anthocyanin cyanidin derivatives. Combined WGCNA and KEGG analyses showed that genes such as PAL, C4H, CHI, CHS, F3H, F3’5’H, FLS, DFR, ANR, ANS, and UF3GT in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways may be significant factors impacting the proanthocyanin precursor and anthocyanin contents. Moreover, interactions between the R2R3MYB (evm.TU.contig7272.598) and WD40 (evm.TU.contig3208.5) transcription factors were found to be associated with the above structural genes. These findings provide essential information on flavonoid biosynthesis and its regulation in the persimmon and lay a foundation for further investigation into how astringency types affect flavor components in PCNA and PCA persimmons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal differences in flavonoid biosynthesis between PCNA and PCA persimmon fruit

et al. 2023

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“…Its exocarp and seeds contain rich flavonoids with anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-aging properties [ 24 ]. Based on previous transcriptome data of exocarp and seeds of Carya cathayensis , CcMYB12 was shown to co-express with some flavonoid-synthesis-related genes [ 25 ]. Based on 123 R2R3 - MYB s in Arabidopsis thaliana , 153 genes of the Carya cathayensis genome were searched, 115 of which were classified into 23 subgroups, and 38 were undivided according to the conservation of the N-terminal MYB domain and the C-terminal motif ( Figure 1 a), which agrees with the previous classification [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research found that flavonoids in the green exocarp and seeds of hickory have anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-aging properties [ 24 ]. Furthermore, the transcriptome of exocarp and seeds of Carya cathayensis were sequenced, and a co-expression network was constructed, showing that CcMYB12 is co-expressed with some flavonoid-synthesis-related genes [ 25 ]. Previous studies have also shown that MYB12 is involved in the formation of flavonols in Arabidopsis thaliana , Camellia sinensis , Lilium brownii , and Myrica rubra Sieb [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CcMYB12 Positively Regulates Flavonoid Accumulation during Fruit Development in Carya cathayensis and Has a Role in Abiotic Stress Responses

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Flavonoid, an important secondary metabolite in plants, is involved in many biological processes. Its synthesis originates from the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, and it is catalyzed by a series of enzymes. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is regulated by many transcription factors, among which MYB transcription factors are thought to be key regulators. Hickory (Carya cathayensis) is an economic forest tree species belonging to the Juglandaceae family, and its fruit is rich in flavonoids. The transcriptome of exocarp and seed of hickory has previously been sequenced and analyzed by our team, revealing that CcMYB12 (CCA0691S0036) may be an important regulator of flavonoid synthesis. However, the specific regulatory role of CcMYB12 in hickory has not been clarified. Through a genome-wide analysis, a total of 153 R2R3-MYB genes were identified in hickory, classified into 23 subclasses, of which CcMYB12 was located in Subclass 7. The R2R3-MYBs showed a differential expression with the development of hickory exocarp and seed, indicating that these genes may regulate fruit development and metabolite accumulation. The phylogenetic analysis showed that CcMYB12 is a flavonol regulator, and its expression trend is the same as or opposite to that of flavonol synthesis-related genes. Moreover, CcMYB12 was found to be localized in the nucleus and have self-activation ability. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that CcMYB12 strongly bonded to and activated the promoters of CcC4H, CcCHS, CcCHI, and CcF3H, which are key genes of the flavonoid synthesis pathway. Overexpression of CcMYB12 in Arabidopsis thaliana could increase the content of total flavonoids and the expression of related genes, including PAL, C4H, CHS, F3H, F3’H, ANS, and DFR, in the flavonoid synthesis pathway. These results reveal that CcMYB12 may directly regulate the expression of flavonoid-related genes and promote flavonoid synthesis in hickory fruit. Notably, the expression level of CcMYB12 in hickory seedlings was significantly boosted under NaCl and PEG treatments, while it was significantly downregulated under acid stress, suggesting that CcMYB12 may participate in the response to abiotic stresses. The results could provide a basis for further elucidating the regulation network of flavonoid biosynthesis and lay a foundation for developing new varieties of hickory with high flavonoid content.

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Visualizing the distribution of flavonoids in litchi (Litchi chinenis) seeds through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging

Liu

Nie²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Flavonoids are one of the most important bioactive components in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) seeds and have broad-spectrum antiviral and antitumor activities. Litchi seeds have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, particularly effective against breast and liver cancers. Elucidating the distribution of flavonoids is important for understanding their physiological and biochemical functions and facilitating their efficient extraction and utilization. However, the spatial distribution patterns and expression states of flavonoids in litchi seeds remain unclear. Herein, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used for in situ detection and imaging of the distribution of flavonoids in litchi seed tissue sections for the first time. Fifteen flavonoid ion signals, including liquiritigenin, apigenin, naringenin, luteolin, dihydrokaempferol, daidzein, quercetin, taxifolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, myricetin, catechin, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside, baicalin, and rutin, were successfully detected and imaged in situ through MALDI-MSI in the positive ion mode using 2-mercaptobenzothiazole as a matrix. The results clearly showed the heterogeneous distribution of flavonoids, indicating the potential of litchi seeds for flavonoid compound extraction. MALDI-MS-based multi-imaging enhanced the visualization of spatial distribution and expression states of flavonoids. Thus, apart from improving our understanding of the spatial distribution of flavonoids in litchi seeds, our findings also facilitate the development of MALDI-MSI-based metabolomics as a novel effective molecular imaging tool for evaluating the spatial distribution of endogenous compounds.

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Flavonoid Synthesis and Metabolism During the Fruit Development in Hickory (Carya cathayensis)

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal differences in flavonoid biosynthesis between PCNA and PCA persimmon fruit

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal differences in flavonoid biosynthesis between PCNA and PCA persimmon fruit

CcMYB12 Positively Regulates Flavonoid Accumulation during Fruit Development in Carya cathayensis and Has a Role in Abiotic Stress Responses

Visualizing the distribution of flavonoids in litchi (Litchi chinenis) seeds through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging

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