Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Dissotis rotundifolia Whole Plant Protects against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage

Abstract

Dissotis rotundifolia is a plant in the family Melastomataceae. The methanolic extract of the whole plant is reported to be rich in C-glycosylflavones such as vitexin and orientin. Though there are several reports on the ethnomedicinal use of this plant extract in stomach ulcers, experimental-based data is unavailable. The drive for carrying out this research was to obtain data on the possible ameliorative effect of the whole plant extract of Dissotis rotundifolia (DRE) in gastric ulcerations induced by ethanol in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were pretreated with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of DRE for 14 days after which an ulcerogen-ethanol was administered. Gross examinations of the stomach lining and histological analysis of gastric lesions were carried out coupled with an assessment of the antioxidant activity of gastric mucosa using MDA, GSH, CAT, and SOD as indicators. The data suggested a significant attenuation in gastric mucosal damage in DRE-pretreated ethanol-induced gastric ulcer reflected in the antioxidant status. There was also a reduction or absence of hemorrhage, edema, and leucocytes infiltration in DRE-treated groups compared to the negative control group. DRE conserved glutathione (GSH) levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enhanced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme levels. The present study shows that DRE possess protective effects against ethanol-induced ulcer damage in the stomach of rats, which could be attributed to its antioxidant activity.

The Potential Gastro-Protective Effect of Qaysum (Achillea fragrantissima) Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Albino Rats

“…In agreement with the results of this study, others [12,21] reported that AFE administration decreased MDA levels but increased CAT, GSH, and SOD levels compared to the ethanol-only group. Alhomaid et al reported that serum CAT and SOD levels significantly increased with the administration of a low dose of A. fragrantissima (300 mg/kg), whereas high dose administration (500 mg/kg) had a mild effect [21].…”

“…MDA causes damage to skin fluidity, blight ion conveyance, and cellular utilities [20]. The CAT level decline observed in this study could cause an increased flux of superoxide radicals that increase lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress rate [12]. Increased actions of GSH peroxidase and GSH transferase (enzymes responsible for toxic compounds conjugation with GSH) primes to reduced GSH concentration.…”

“…UI was designed by the formula: UI=10X (total ulcerated zone/total mucosal zone), and PI was counted by equation PI= ((UI of ethanol-UI of drug-treated)/UI of ethanol) × 100 [12].…”

Review of some ethnomedicinal remedies for Peptic Ulcer

“…Dissotis rotundifolia (D. rotundifolia) also known as the 'pink lady' is a creeping herbal plant with antimicrobial, in vivo gastroprotective, and in vitro anti-radical properties [19][20]. Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with 500, 300 and 100 mg/kg flavonoid-rich extract of D. rotundifolia for 2 weeks before inducing ulcer using ethanol.…”

“…Reduced gastric ulcer formation was also observed in all the pretreated groups. Antioxidant activities in the gastric mucosa were investigated and the results showed that there was a significant reduction in MDA level while CAT, SOD and GSH levels were significantly increased in the pretreated groups [20].…”