Flavonoid patterns and the phytogeny of barley

Abstract

By means of thin-layer chromatography, 1424 local varieties of barley were investigated. Two collections of Hordeum spontaneum and one of H. agriocrithon were also analysed. In H . vulgare three distinctly different flavonoid patterns were found, designated A, B and C. The B pattern could be divided into two types: B1 and Bz. The flavonoid pattern of H. spontaneum deviates sharply from those of H. vulgare. Hordeum agriocrithon has the same flavonoid pattern as the A pattern in H. vulgare. The flavonoid patterns A and B occur throughout the cultivated area of H . vulgare. However, differences in frequency between the A and B patterns were revealed when different areas were compared. Flavonoid pattern C is, with a few exceptions, found only in varieties of barley from Ethiopia. Controlled crossing experiments between the different flavonoid types of H. vulgare were performed on a limited scale. The phylogeny of H . vulgare in relation to H. spontaneum and H. agriocrithon is discussed. The flavone glycosides that constitute these differences are briefly reviewed. Sune Frcst, Institute of Genetics, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden

Genetic Structure in a Core Subset of Cultivated Barley Germplasm

“…1A), corresponding to the optimal cluster 4 (Fig. 3), provided support for the hypothesis of independent domestication in Ethiopia and Eritrea (Fröst et al, 1975; Negassa, 1985; Orabi et al, 2007). The subcluster of cluster II representing the Mediterranean (Fig.…”

“…In summary, this study has provided a comprehensive structural view of the large worldwide cultivated barley collection maintained at PGRC and likely the best possible structural description of the current global cultivated barley gene pool. More importantly, it has helped illustrate the research value of the large number of ex situ crop accessions conserved worldwide (FAO, 2010). Most of the ex situ germplasm collections could contribute to informative research such as our eff ort here to infer genetic structure.…”

“…germplasm collections may not well represent current global crop gene pools due to possible biases in geographical representation and from nonrandom germplasm sampling. In spite of these issues, the large volume of crop germplasm conserved around the world for various crop gene pools (FAO, 2010) should still have an important role in the structural characterization of some existing crop gene pools. Cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp.…”

“…vulgare), as one of world's oldest and most important crop species, has received considerable attention for collection and conservation in the last 60 yr (von Bothmer et al, 2003). There exists around 224,000 accessions of cultivated barley currently conserved in seed genebanks worldwide (FAO, 2010). Plant Gene Resources of Canada (PGRC; the Canadian national seed genebank) at Saskatoon maintains a unique world collection of Hordeum germplasm with more than 42,000 accessions of 28 species collected from over 100 countries, of which about 34,000 accessions belong to cultivated barley.…”

Variation of flavonoid patterns in Hordeum spontaneum and H. agriocrithon

“…In an earlier paper (FROST, HOLM and ASKER 1975), we reported that H. vufgare comprises three distinctly different flavonoid patterns, designated A, B and C. The A and B patterns occur throughout the cultivation areas of barley. However, different frequencies of the A and B patterns were revealed when different areas were compared.…”