Flavonoid Composition and Biological Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm., a Native Plant from Caatinga Biome

Abstract

Caryocar coriaceum fruits, found in Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga, are commonly used as food and in folk medicine, as anti-inflammatory, bactericide, fungicide, leishmanicide, and nematicide. Due to the biological potential of this plant, this study focuses on the evaluation of antifungal and antileishmanial activities, including anticholinesterase and antioxidant tests, correlating with total phenols and flavonoids content. Peel extracts contain higher yield of phenols and flavonoids as analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. HPLC analysis of flavonoids revealed that isoquercitrin is the main flavonoid in both parts of the fruit, and peel extract showed the best antioxidant activity. In the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase assay, both extracts demonstrate action comparable to physostigmine. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was evaluated against strains of Malassezia sp. and Microsporum canis, using the broth microdilution technique, in which the extracts showed similar MIC and MFC. The extracts present antileishmanial activity and low toxicity on murine macrophages and erythrocytes. Therefore, these results suggest a potential for the application of C. coriaceum fruit's ethanol extracts in the treatment against dermatophyte fungi and leishmaniasis, probably due to the presence of active flavonoids. Further in vivo studies are recommended aiming at the development of possible new pharmaceutical compounds.

Pharmaceutical hit of anti type 2 Diabetes mellitus on the phenolic extract of Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) flesh

“…The data in Table 1 inform the n-hexane fraction showed negative results of the triterpenoid, alkaloid, saponin, The flavonoid test can be done with alkaline reagent test that dissolved the extract with NaOH 0.1 M and then added of dilute acid. Colors that change from a dark yellow to a faded yellow show positive flavonoids [31]. In the phenol test, the FeCl 3 1 M solution was used to determine whether the extract contained phenolic compounds.…”

Brazilian Amazon Plants: An Overview of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity

“…Carotenoids and phenolic compounds obtained from C. coriaceum pulp have important antioxidant action. Active flavonoids have the ability to neutralize pathogens and eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) either directly or indirectly, activating pathways that enable ROS degradation [15].…”

“…However, an exacerbated response can cause tissue damage, similar to those seen in leishmaniasis. Thus, an antioxidant action of C. coriaceum controls the inflammatory response for effective disease control [15].…”

“…Its antimicrobial effect has been tested by Alves et al [15]. The ethanolic extracts of peel and pulp of C. coriaceum had activity against six pathogenic strains, three of the genus Malassezia sp., and three from Microsporum canis.…”

Phytochemical evaluation, Embryotoxicity and Teratogenic effects of Curcuma longa extract in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…This research reveals the detection and concentration of some flavonoids such as Apigenin, Catechin, Epicatechin, Genistein, Kaempherol, Myricetin, Naringenin, Naringin, Quercetin, Rutin and Galangin in the extract of C. longa (Table 2) by HPLC analysis. This set of detected flavonoids have been reported to possess some health benefits like antioxidant [38], antifungal and antileishmanial [39]. Kaempherol was reported by Choi et al, [40] to inhibits thrombosis and platelet activation while rutin isolated from Dendropanax morbifera L. was also discovered to have anti-thrombotic effect [41].…”