Flaviviruses as agents of childhood central nervous system infections in Brazil

Marinho, P.E. Silva; Kroon, Erna Geessien

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100572

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our observations may not conclusively demonstrate that ILHV infection led to the brain hemorrhage and death in a patient with an acute neurological syndrome and underlying conditions (diabetes and hypertension). Considering the increasing incidence of arboviruses with unusual manifestations ( [51][52][53] and reviewed in [54][55][56]), and their potential tropism for the invasion of the CNS, leading to long-term neurofunctional sequelae, this report highlights the need for vigilance among physicians, healthcare providers, and researchers alike for arbovirus infections in patients presenting with meningoencephalitis and cerebrovascular events. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the importance of comprehensive arbovirus surveillance beyond urban arboviruses (e.g., DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV), suggesting that urban and peri-urban populations may be at risk for ILHV infection and other emerging zoonotic arboviruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Outcome of Ilheus Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient Diagnosed with Encephalitis

Milhim

Estofolete

Rocha

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Ilheus virus is an arbovirus with the potential for central nervous system involvement. Accurate diagnosis is a challenge due to similar clinical symptoms and serologic cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Here, we describe the first documented case of a fatal outcome following the identification of Ilheus virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with cerebral encephalitis in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Outcome of Ilheus Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient Diagnosed with Encephalitis

Milhim

Estofolete

Rocha

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Although flaviviruses are not always neuro-invasive, they are able to infect neurons [ 61 , 62 ]. It has been shown that flavivirus neuropathogenesis is related to the apoptosis of infected neuronal cells and/or the immune response induced by the immune cells, because factors produced by microglia may be toxic to neurons [ 63 , 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Viruses Commonly Associated With Cns Infection In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dengue-related meningitis is rare, but it has been previously described in a few reports, including in children, for whom the acute onset of fever and symptoms such as headache, vomiting, and/or nuchal rigidity were described [ 28 , 65 , 73 , 81 , 82 , 83 ].…”

Section: Viruses Commonly Associated With Cns Infection In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil

Sousa

Santos

Paula

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Virus-induced infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most serious problems in public health and can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where these manifestations have been neglected. Typically, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for a high number of cases in immunocompetent hosts, whereas other herpesviruses (for example, cytomegalovirus) are the most common in immunocompromised individuals. Arboviruses have also been associated with outbreaks with a high burden of neurological disorders, such as the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. There is a current lack of understanding in Brazil about the most common viruses involved in CNS infections. In this review, we briefly summarize the most recent studies and findings associated with the CNS, in addition to epidemiological data that provide extensive information on the circulation and diversity of the most common neuro-invasive viruses in Brazil. We also highlight important aspects of the prion-associated diseases. This review provides readers with better knowledge of virus-associated CNS infections. A deeper understanding of these infections will support the improvement of the current surveillance strategies to allow the timely monitoring of the emergence/re-emergence of neurotropic viruses.

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“…The most important neurotrophic alphavirus is VEEV, which caused many outbreaks in South, Central, and North America [15]. CHIKV is now becoming a re-emerging epidemic with cases reported in more than 45 countries and has caused severe diseases with neurological complications affecting all age groups [15][16]. CHIKV is transmitted to humans through mosquito vectors where the vertebrate animals serve as the reservoirs in epizootic cycles, but in current epidemics, humans serve as the reservoirs.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tick-borne flaviviruses have been considered medically important as they cause about 10,000 to 15,000 human cases every year in Europe and Asia [15]. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are considered as the most important neurotropic flaviviruses [16].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Neurotropic Viruses

Abdullahi

Sarmast

Singh

2020

Cureus

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Neurotropic viruses are those viruses that can cause central nervous system (CNS) diseases with both neuroinvasive and neurovirulence properties. It comprises a wide range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, enteroviruses, parechovirus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, measles, and mumps viruses among others. Some of these viruses are highly neuroinvasive and neurovirulent, while others are weakly neuroinvasive and neurovirulent. Moreover, some of them, like herpes simplex viruses, are highly neuroinvasive but weakly neurovirulent for the peripheral nervous system and highly neurovirulent but weakly neuroinvasive for the central nervous system. All these disparities are a result of differences in their genomic constitution, associated vectors, geographical region, and environmental factors. Therefore, a successful intervention will be almost impossible without a clear understanding of the molecular biology and epidemiology of these viruses. Thus, we conducted a review of the published studies on the molecular biology and epidemiology of the common neurotropic viruses to make the viral genetic makeup more understandable for targeted intervention and provide the morbidity and mortality data of the different neurotropic viruses for more serious action.

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Flaviviruses as agents of childhood central nervous system infections in Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Fatal Outcome of Ilheus Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient Diagnosed with Encephalitis

Fatal Outcome of Ilheus Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient Diagnosed with Encephalitis

Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Neurotropic Viruses

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