Flattening of Central, Paracentral, and Peripheral Cones After Non-accelerated and Accelerated Epithelium-off CXL in Keratoconus: A Multicenter Study

Abstract

PURPOSE: To assess the flattening of central, paracentral, and peripheral cones following non-accelerated (non-A-CXL) and accelerated (A-CXL) epithelium-off corneal cross-linking with 10 times higher intensity. METHODS: In this multicenter study of 200 eyes (100 in each group), following 10 minutes of soak time with riboflavin 0.1%, continuous CXL was performed for 30 minutes (intensity: 3 mW/cm 2 , fluence: 5.4 J/cm 2 ) in the non-A-CXL group and 3 minutes (intensity: 30 mW/cm 2 , fluence: 5.4 J/cm 2 ) in the A-CXL group. Anterior and posterior cone flattening were compared at 12 months. Multiple regression analysis was performed to establish correlation of age, sex, cone location, and preoperative maximum keratometry (Kmax) values with postoperative flattening at 12 months. RESULTS: In the non-A-CXL and A-CXL groups, central cones were the steepest, followed by paracentral and peripheral cones. Both groups showed significant flattening in central (1.54 ± 1.94 and 1.09 ± 1.79 diopters [D]) and paracentral (0.62 ± 1.59 and 0.55 ± 0.98 D) cones only. In the non-A-CXL group, there was a positive correlation between postoperative flattening and preoperative Kmax values, whereas paracentral and peripheral cone locations were negatively related. In the A-CXL group, only paracentral location was negatively correlated to postoperative flattening and showed posterior cone steepening at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although central cones were the steepest in both groups, there was no difference in postoperative flattening between the groups for all cone locations. In the non-A-CXL group, postoperative flattening was proportional to preoperative Kmax values in central cones and was less with paracentral and peripheral locations. With A-CXL, postoperative flattening was less only with paracentral location. In the A-CXL group, significant posterior cone steepening was noticed only in paracentral cones. [ J Refract Surg . 2022;38(5):310–316.]

Management of keratoconus: an updated review

“…The main advantages of A-CXL include reduced treatment duration and a possible reduced risk of infection ( 94 ). Several protocols for A-CXL have been described, including the use of 9 mW/cm 2 for 10 min, 18 mW/cm 2 for 5 min, and 30 mW/cm 2 for 3 min, all of which result in a surface dose of 5.4 J/cm 2 ( 33 , 95 , 96 ). Larger dose of radiation such as 7.2 J/cm 2 (with 30 mW/cm 2 radiation for 3 min) has been described, though it may lead to increased risk of corneal haze ( 97 ).…”