Flatfeet: Biomechanical implications, assessment and management

Arachchige, Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku; Chander, Harish; Knight, Adam C.

doi:10.1016/j.foot.2019.02.004

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Flexible flatfeet tend to evolve into rigid flatfeet over time [9]. Conservative physical therapy can reduce the probability of this development, which is essential for early detection and appropriate management in flexible flatfeet [11]. Foot orthoses can improve foot deformities by limiting the collapse of the arch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Preliminary Validation of Individual Customized Insole for Adults with Flexible Flatfeet Based on the Plantar Pressure Redistribution

Jiang

Wang

Ying

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Flatfoot is a common musculoskeletal deformity. One of the most effective treatments is to wear individually customized plantar pressure-based insoles to help users change the abnormally distributed pressure on the pelma. However, most previous studies were divided only into several plantar areas without detailed plantar characteristic analysis. In this study, a new insole is designed which redistributes pressure following the analysis of characteristic points of plantar pressure, and practical evaluation during walking of subjects while wearing the insole. In total, 10 subjects with flexible flatfeet have participated in the performance of gait experiments by wearing flat insoles, orthotic insoles, and plantar pressure redistribution insoles (PPRI). The results showed that the stance time of PPRI was significantly lower than that of the flat insoles under slow gait. PPRI in the second to third metatarsal and medial heel area showed better unloading capabilities than orthotic insoles. In the metatarsal and heel area, the PPRI also had its advantage in percentage of contact area compared to flat insole and orthotic insole. The results prove that PPRI improves the plantar pressure distribution and gait efficiency of adults with flexible flatfeet, and can be applied into clinical application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Preliminary Validation of Individual Customized Insole for Adults with Flexible Flatfeet Based on the Plantar Pressure Redistribution

Jiang

Wang

Ying

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Adult flatfoot can be due to musculoskeletal dysfunction, obesity, diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis [1]. Flatfoot leads to a high risk of injury, patellofemoral syndrome, lower back pain, and poor quality of life [2][3][4]. Flatfoot was classified into two types, the rigidity, and flexibility of the flatfoot [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Foot Orthoses and Exercises on Pain and Navicular Drop for Adult Flatfoot: A Network Meta-Analysis

Hoang

Chen

Chou

2021

IJERPH

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Background: Adult flatfoot leads to injury and decreased quality of life. The most widely applied noninvasive approaches are wearing foot orthoses or exercising. Both interventions raise controversy about reducing pain and neutralizing foot posture. This study investigated the impact of foot orthoses and exercise on pain and navicular drop (present for foot posture). Methods: Four databases were used: MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane, from the earliest records to November 2020. Randomized controlled studies focused on adult flatfoot that evaluated the effect of exercise and foot orthoses on pain and navicular drop were extracted. We used data analysis to estimate the relative effect of heterogeneity using I2 and publication bias using funnel plots. Results: Ten studies were identified through to November 2020. Active interventions (AIs) were exercise and exercise combined with foot orthoses; passive interventions (PIs) were foot orthoses and added stretching. Both AIs and PIs decreased pain significantly (SMD −0.94, 95% CI −1.35, −0.54 and SMD −1.4, 95% CI −1.87, −0.92). The AIs reduced pain level better than PIs. Controversially, no treatment was found to affect navicular drop. Conclusion: Both exercise and foot orthoses can reduce pain but not realign foot posture. Exercise alone or combined with foot orthoses showed a better effect on adult flatfoot than only wearing foot orthoses. Active intervention was shown to have better efficacy in reducing pain than passive intervention.

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“…Dynamic balance may affect lower limb functions, such as stepping up and down curbs or walking on uneven ground. It also is disordered in flat feet due to excessive tension in foot tissues and their receptors [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orthotic insoles supporting medial longitudinal arch are a conservative treatment for flat feet; thus, they are more preferred to foot surgeries without desirable or permanent results [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Taspinar suggested that arch support is effective in improving foot function [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Custom-mold Insole by Medial Heel Skive Technique on Physical Function in Flexible Flat Foot

Bakhtiari

Bahramizadeh

Safaeepour

et al. 2021

IRJ

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Objectives: Flexible Flat Foot (FFF), a common foot deformity decreasing medial longitudinal arch height is often comorbid with subtalar joint pronation causing physical activity difficulties in this population. Among the orthotic insoles prescribed for improving foot function, foot orthoses with medial heel skive technique have a limited research background. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the custom-mold insole with medial heel skive technique on physical function in FFF. Methods: Eighteen adults with FFF from the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences students and staff participated in this study. Custom-Mold insole with medial heel skive was fabricated for all research participants. Physical function in the activities of daily living and sports was assessed by the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) subscale (ADL-FAAM), and SPORT-FAAM questionnaires at the beginning of the study and 6 weeks after. Paired Samples t-test and nonparametric tests were used to compare the collected results. Results: After 6 weeks of using the insole with medial heel skive technique, scores in both ADL and SPORTS activities were significantly improved. Discussion: Foot function improvement was not found in all of the studies assessing foot function in flat feet after using different orthotic insoles, by different questionnaires or other systems. In this study, foot and ankle function was significantly improved per FAAM questionnaire- which had highly limited use in orthotic interventions in flat feet population- using medial heel skive technique; however, further studies are required to accentuate medial heel skive technique effect on flat feet function by comparing this technique with other positive cast modifications to control the flat foot. According to the present study results, custom-mold insole with medial heel skive may improve physical function in FFF and can be prescribed in this group.

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Flatfeet: Biomechanical implications, assessment and management

Cited by 58 publications

References 66 publications

Design and Preliminary Validation of Individual Customized Insole for Adults with Flexible Flatfeet Based on the Plantar Pressure Redistribution

Design and Preliminary Validation of Individual Customized Insole for Adults with Flexible Flatfeet Based on the Plantar Pressure Redistribution

The Impact of Foot Orthoses and Exercises on Pain and Navicular Drop for Adult Flatfoot: A Network Meta-Analysis

Effects of Custom-mold Insole by Medial Heel Skive Technique on Physical Function in Flexible Flat Foot

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