“…Hellmund [ 2 ] asserted that the flashover is caused by the brush jump. Philips, Thompson et al [ 3 ] confirmed the arc shortcircuit phenomena between the commutator segments using a model, and Swinnerton, Turner et al [ 4 ] stated that the flashover phenomena of the dc machine are caused by the following: (1) brush jump; ( 2 ) arc short circuit of commutator segment surface;…”