Flammability Tests and Investigations of Properties of Lignin-Containing Polymer Composites Based on Acrylates

Abstract

In this paper flammability tests and detailed investigations of lignin-containing polymer composites’ properties are presented. Composites were obtained using bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA.GDA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and kraft lignin (lignin alkali, L) during UV curing. In order to evaluate the influence of lignin modification and the addition of flame retardant compounds on the thermal resistance of the obtained biocomposites, flammability tests have been conducted. After the modification with phosphoric acid (V) lignin, as well as diethyl vinylphosphonate, were used as flame retardant additives. The changes in the chemical structures (ATR-FTIR), as well as the influence of the different additives on the hardness, thermal (TG) and mechanical properties were discussed in detail. The samples after the flammability test were also studied to assess their thermal destruction.

Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review

“…The flammability of fibers is affected by their intermediate surroundings, which include the composition of the polymer matrix and other FRs present, the existence of a coupling agent, and the method used to produce the NFRCs. Horizontal and vertical burning tests, cone calorimeter testing, the LOI test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) have all been used to examine the flammability and thermal behavior of NFRCs [ 24 , 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

Nanocellulose and Graphene Oxide Aerogels for Adsorption and Removal Methylene Blue from an Aqueous Environment

“…This may be explained by the presence of impure components in the raw nipa palm fiber as lignin. Lignin is considered a biopolymer having the ability to protect cellulose chains in the cell wall of woody plants under external heat effects due to its high capability of char formation. , Meanwhile, CNFs were removed with most of the lignin and hemicellulose throughout the treatment, so the thermal stability and final ash content of CNFs are lower than those of cells. In addition, the defects existing on CNFs during the mechanical and chemical treatment also contribute to reducing the thermal stability of CNFs.…”

α-Cellulose-based films: effect of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) incorporation on physicochemical and antibacterial performance

“…The increasing variation can be attributed by the crosslinking effect derived from "bridge monomers", the interaction hydrogen bonding between cellulose and lignin, or the deterioration of heat and mass transfer in samples after the addition of lignin (Ma et al, 2015). Moreover, several previous studies had reported that the incorporation of lignin (a three-dimensional structure macromolecule) as a natural carbon resource could improve the thermal stability of raw substrate, especially for the eld of ame retardant (Dai et al, 2020;Ferdosian et al, 2016;Podkoscielna et al, 2020). Furthermore, not only the improvement of thermal stability during main decomposition process can be achieved, but also the content of condensed phase obtained after pyrolysis also increases, which is caused by structural collapse of cellulose backbone and lignin aromatic units to form the thermostable char with higher crosslinking density.…”