Flammability limits, explosion pressures, and applicability of Le Chatelier's rule to binary alkane–nitrous oxide mixtures

Koshiba, Yusuke; Hasegawa, Takashi; Kim, Bongchan; Ohtani, Hideo

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2016.11.007

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Several studies were conducted in the past to provide information on explosions in fuel-N 2 O mixtures. Some authors [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] reported the explosion parameters such as the flammability limits, the maximum explosion pressures, the explosion times, or the deflagration indices for explosions occurring in closed cells in the presence of N 2 O as oxidizer. The laminar combustion velocity of fuel-N 2 O and fuel-N 2 O-diluent mixtures (fuels: NH 3 , CO, H 2 , C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 2 ) was investigated mainly by burner method [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of CH4-N2O-N2 Flames in a Closed Spherical Vessel

et al. 2021

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Flammable fuel-N2O mixtures raise safety and environmental protection issues in areas where these mixtures are used (such as: industry, research, internal combustion engines). Therefore, it is important to know their laminar combustion velocities and propagation speeds—important safety parameters for design of active protection devices against gas explosions and corresponding safety recommendations. In this paper, the laminar combustion velocities of N2-diluted CH4-N2O flames, obtained in experiments on outwardly propagating flames, at various initial pressures (within 0.5–2.0 bar) and room temperature, are reported. The experiments were made in a 0.5 L spherical cell with central ignition. The laminar combustion velocities were calculated from the constants of cubic law of flame propagation during the early stage of closed cell explosions and the expansion coefficients of unburned flammable mixtures, using the adiabatic model of the flame propagation. The expansion coefficients were determined from equilibrium calculations on flames propagating under isobaric conditions. The laminar combustion velocities were compared with data reported in the literature. Using the laminar combustion velocities and the expansion coefficients, the propagation speeds of N2-diluted CH4-N2O flames were calculated. Both laminar combustion velocities and propagation speeds decrease with the initial pressure increase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of CH4-N2O-N2 Flames in a Closed Spherical Vessel

et al. 2021

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“…Estimating the LFL of fuel mixtures, characterized by their mole fractions, follows a similar process to that of pure fuels. 12 Firstly, the total number of moles of carbon and hydrogen in the mixtures and the enthalpy of formation of the mixtures are determined.…”

Section: Theory Of Calculated Flame Temperature (Cft) Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculated adiabatic flame temperature (CAFT) model was created using the energy balance equation to evaluate the flammability limit by assuming a temperature threshold or estimated adiabatic flame temperature. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Liaw et al 14,15 developed a new derivation for this rule based on the idea of the threshold temperature. The crucial assumption required to achieve this mixing rule was that each combustible component's adiabatic flame temperature increase at LFL was equal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental measurement and theoretical prediction for lower flammability limits of ternary hydrocarbon mixtures

Ning

et al. 2022

Process Safety Progress

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The present work experimentally investigated the lower flammability limits of methane-ethylene-propane-air mixtures at ambient temperature and pressure in a 20 L confined chamber. Moreover, a calculated flame temperature (CFT) modeling for predicting the lower flammability limit of multicomponent mixed combustible gas was proposed based on the law of conservation of energy. The results indicated that the relative error of Le Chatelier's law is 2.88% in the prediction of the lower flammability limit of the tested multicomponent mixed combustible medium. Also, the relative error of CFT modeling is only 1.47%, which is reduced by 48.96% and can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the lower flammability limit of multicomponent mixtures. Furthermore, using the premixed laminar flame speed reactor, the USC 2.0 mechanism was employed to obtain the behavior of ternary hydrocarbon mixtures near the flammability limits. The sensitivity analysis showed that competition between the chain branching reaction R1 (H + O 2 ⟺ O + OH) and the chain termination reaction R12 (H + CH 3 (+M) ⟺ CH 4 (+M)) was crucial in determining the lower flammable limit.

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“…However, the main drawbacks of NOFBX are the high combustion temperatures and the hazards connected to flame flashback and possible explosion or even detonation [6,11]. Due to the mentioned challenges, part of studies [19][20][21][22] has been carried out on fundamental combustion properties due to the frequent accidents. The effect of pressure and mixture composition on auto-ignition boundary temperature was assessed, and the dynamic mechanism was verified by the ignition delay time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Flame Acceleration and Transition from Deflagration to Detonation of N₂O/C₂H₄/CO₂

Jiang³

2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The application of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) as a candidate oxidant provides new opportunities for green propellants and propulsion systems. In this study, flame propagation, acceleration, and transition to detonation characteristics of stoichiometric N 2 O/C 2 H 4 diluted with CO 2 were investigated in 2 m cylindrical channels at 1 atm and 293 K. The flame propagation and acceleration were monitored by a high-speed video. Pressure transducers were located at different positions along the channel to collect data concerning DDT and detonation development. The in-fluence rules of various mass fractions of CO 2 on the above performance were evaluated. The results indicated that the process of flame propagation for N 2 O/C 2 H 4 was divided into three stages, ignition stage, DDT and detonation stage. Both the process of flame acceleration (FA) and peak overpressure for all the test mixtures decreased with an increase of CO 2 concentration in the initial stage, and detonation wave propagation was stabilized with the increase of CO 2 , then the corresponding propagation velocity was close to the CÀ J velocity.

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Flammability limits, explosion pressures, and applicability of Le Chatelier's rule to binary alkane–nitrous oxide mixtures

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Propagation of CH4-N2O-N2 Flames in a Closed Spherical Vessel

Propagation of CH4-N2O-N2 Flames in a Closed Spherical Vessel

Experimental measurement and theoretical prediction for lower flammability limits of ternary hydrocarbon mixtures

Study on the Flame Acceleration and Transition from Deflagration to Detonation of N₂O/C₂H₄/CO₂

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Flammability limits, explosion pressures, and applicability of Le Chatelier's rule to binary alkane–nitrous oxide mixtures

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Propagation of CH4-N2O-N2 Flames in a Closed Spherical Vessel

Propagation of CH4-N2O-N2 Flames in a Closed Spherical Vessel

Experimental measurement and theoretical prediction for lower flammability limits of ternary hydrocarbon mixtures

Study on the Flame Acceleration and Transition from Deflagration to Detonation of N2O/C2H4/CO2

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Product

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Study on the Flame Acceleration and Transition from Deflagration to Detonation of N₂O/C₂H₄/CO₂