Flame synthesis of composite carbon black-fumed silica nanostructured particles

Spicer, Patrick T.; Artelt, C.; Sanders, S.; Pratsinis, Sotiris E.

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(97)10023-4

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is in agreement with flame aerosol synthesis of carbonsilica powder. 3 At these fuel-rich conditions, lower EQRs (EQR ‫ס‬ 4.2 at 0.2 l/min C 2 H 2 ) result in higher temperatures that increase carbon oxidation (Fig. 6) and the sintering rate of titania particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…When the weighed particle diameter from nitrogen adsorption is calculated using anatase ‫ס‬ 3.84 g/cm 3 , rutile ‫ס‬ 4.26 g/cm 3 , and carbon ‫ס‬ 1.8 g/cm 3 for soot 17 (or 2.27 g/cm 3 for graphite 18 ) as well as the average XRD crystallite size 15 ( Fig. 2) as functions of the powder carbon content, two distinct regimes are observed (Fig.…”

Section: Hk Kammler Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) fed to the system] is in the order of 5% for the highest acetylene flow rates (>0.37 l/min), which is in agreement to that observed for carbon-coating of fumed silica. 3 The rest of the carbon was used in the combustion process.…”

Section: Hk Kammler Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flame technology can offer an alternative synthesis route for these products with closely controlled composition without the multiple steps and high liquid volumes associated with wet chemical processes or long processing times associated with solid processing of materials. 2 Carbon-coated silica was made in acetylene/SiCl 4 premixed flames by Spicer et al, 3 who found a significant increase in the carbon yield (up to three times) in the presence of silica compared with a pure acetylene flame of the same equivalence ratio. This was attributed to the presence of silica particles acting as seed nuclei for carbon surface growth, as well as to the chlorine presence reducing the flame temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon-coated titania nanostructured particles: Continuous, one-step flame-synthesis

Kammler

Pratsinis

2003

J. Mater. Res.

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Concurrent synthesis of titania-carbon nanoparticles (up to 52 wt.% in C) was studied in a diffusion flame aerosol reactor by combustion of titanium tetraisopropoxide and acetylene. These graphitically layered carbon-coated titania particles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), with elemental mapping of C and Ti, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption [Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)]. The specific surface area of the powder was controlled by the acetylene flow rate from 29 to 62 m 2 /g as the rutile content decreased from 68 to 17 wt.%. Light blue titania suboxides formed at low acetylene flow rates. The average XRD crystal size of TiO 2 decreased steadily with increasing carbon content of the composite powders, while the average BET primary particle size calculated from nitrogen adsorption decreased first and then approached a constant value. The latter is attributed to the formation of individual carbon particles next to carbon-coated titania particles as observed by HRTEM and electron spectroscopic imaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Hk Kammler Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hk Kammler Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon-coated titania nanostructured particles: Continuous, one-step flame-synthesis

Kammler

Pratsinis

2003

J. Mater. Res.

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“…Despite the fact that synthesis techniques and applications of carbon black nanopar ticles have been well established, recent research has shown that particle mixtures of carbon black and silica are opening up a new generation of reinforcing agents for rubber (Wang et al 2000). Internally mixed carbon black/silica particles have also been manufactured in premixed flame aerosol reactors by the combustion of acetylene and SiCl4 (Spicer et al 1998;Kammler et al 2001). The combination of carbon black and silica is more effective in reinforcing rubber because compared to carbon black alone, it provides the capability for monufacturing the socalled "green tires".…”

Section: Applications Of Aerosol-based Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and Sizing of Particles for Aerosol-Based Nanotechnology

Biskos

Vons

Yurteri

et al. 2008

KONA

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Flame Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Kammler

Mädler

Pratsinis³

2001

Chem. Eng. Technol.

387

208

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An overview of recent advances in the synthesis of nanoparticles by flame aerosol processes is given. In flame processes with gaseous precursors emphasis is placed on reactant mixing and composition, additives, and external electric fields for control of product characteristics. Thermophoretic sampling can monitor the formation and growth of nanoparticles, while the corresponding temperature history can be obtained by non-intrusive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, synthesis of composite nanoparticles for various applications is addressed such as in reinforcement or catalysis as well as for scale-up from 1 to 700 g/h of silica-carbon nanostructured particles. In flame processes with liquid precursors using the so-called flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), emphasis is placed on reactant and fuel composition. The FSP processes are quite attractive as they can employ a wide array of precursors, so a broad spectrum of new nanosized powders can be synthesized. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in combination with gas-phase particle formation models offer unique possibilities for improvement and possible new designs for flame reactors.

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Flame synthesis of composite carbon black-fumed silica nanostructured particles

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Carbon-coated titania nanostructured particles: Continuous, one-step flame-synthesis

Carbon-coated titania nanostructured particles: Continuous, one-step flame-synthesis

Generation and Sizing of Particles for Aerosol-Based Nanotechnology

Flame Synthesis of Nanoparticles

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