Flame suppression ability of metallocenes (nickelocene, cobaltcene, ferrocene, manganocene, and chromocene)

Koshiba, Yusuke; Takahashi, Yohei; Ohtani, Hideo

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.02.008

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…It should be noted that while higher ferrocene fractions decrease the extinguishing efficiency [18], the experimental results obtained in this study imply that high-performance O/W emulsions containing higher amounts of 500-ppm ferrocene can be produced by increasing the amount of n-octane, as the extinguishing capability of ferrocene exceeds its flammability.…”

Section: Suppression Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…However, it is known that higher ferrocene fractions decrease the suppression efficiency [18]. For instance, Linteris et al numerically and experimentally demonstrated that the extinguishing efficiency dramatically decreases at high iron fractions, which is owing to the agglomeration and condensation of the active iron species [7].…”

Section: Suppression Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ferrocene-Containing Emulsion-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agents

Koshiba

Tomita

Ohtani

2017

Fire Science and Technology

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This paper proposes a novel fire suppressant: a ferrocene-containing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. In this study, oil-in-water emulsions containing a surfactant (triton X-100) and ferrocene (0-500 ppm) were prepared and their stabilities and capabilities to extinguish pool fires were investigated. The resulting O/W emulsions exhibited no phase separation for at least one month. Suppression experiments clearly demonstrated that (1) the ferrocene-containing O/W emulsions have a high suppression capability even if the emulsion contained 1.05-wt% n-octane and that (2) the suppression capability is positively correlated with the ferrocene concentration in the 0-500 ppm concentration range.

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Section: Suppression Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Suppression Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrocene-Containing Emulsion-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agents

Koshiba

Tomita

Ohtani

2017

Fire Science and Technology

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“…The In‐Fe structure is similar to that of ferrocene. Several studies have reported that ferrocene can promote flame extinction and suppress smoke production by accelerating char formation …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy effects of phosphorus‐containing compounds and cationic photoinitiators on photopolymerized cycloaliphatic epoxy resins

Zhao

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study presents a promising ultraviolet (UV)-curable epoxy resin formulation with improved flame-retardant properties. The formulation is based on the cycloaliphatic epoxide 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ERL4221) and a novel silicon, phosphorous containing flame-retardant additive. The additive, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetra 2-(6-oxido-6-Hdibenzo(c,e) (1,2)oxaphosphorin-6-yl) ethylcyclotetrasiloxane (DOPO-SiD), was synthesized by the addition reaction of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 Vi) with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Formulations containing the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin ERL4221 and the flame-retardant DOPO-SiD additive were prepared in various concentrations and crosslinked by UV irradiation. The effects of DOPO-SiD and photoinitiators, such as the cyclopentadienyl iron complex of carbazole (In-Fe) and diphenyl-(4-(phenylthiol) phenyl) sulfonium hexafluorophosphate (In-S), on the flame-retardant properties and thermal stabilities of UV-cured ERL4221/DOPO-SiD composites were investigated with limiting oxygen index, UL-94 vertical test, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results showed that DOPO-SiD can increase the thermal stabilities of the ERL4221/DOPO-SiD. The char yield was improved when DOPO-SiD and In-Fe were simultaneously used. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40011.

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“…Due to the outstanding suppression effect, chemical powders have become a new research focus in the field of gas explosion suppression. Among them, SiO 2 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , CaCO 3 , NaHCO 3 , KHCO 3 , Al(OH) 3 , Fe(OH) 3 , Mg(OH) 2 , NaCl, CO(NH 2 ) 2 , diatomite and red-mud [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] have been widely investigated as gas explosion inhibitors. The results show that these materials have different inhibition performances on gas explosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pristine Palygorskite Powders on Explosion Characteristics of Methane-Air Premixed Gas

et al. 2018

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In this study, pristine palygorskite powders were used as the inhibition materials to suppress the explosion of methane-air premixed gas for the first time. The composition, porosity and pyrolysis characteristics of the powders were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), N 2 adsorption-desorption and Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) techniques. The effects of pristine palygorskite powders concentration on the explosion pressure and the average velocity of flame propagation of the 9.5% methane-air premixed gas were tested by a 20 L spherical explosion system and a 5 L pipeline explosion system. The results indicated the pristine palygorskite powders possess a considerable suppression property on methane explosion. When the mass concentration of pristine palygorskite powders was 0.20 g·L −1 , the max-pressure of methane explosion was decreased by 23.9%. The methane explosion flame propagation velocity was inhibited obviously. Owing to the excellent inhibitory performance and the advantage of low-cost and environmental harmlessness, pristine palygorskite powders are potential new materials for the application on gas explosion suppression.Palygorskite clay is a kind of magnesian-aluminum silicate mineral with chain-layer structure [18][19][20]. China is the largest palygorskite clay origin country in the world. The typical Molecular formula of palygorskite is Mg 5 Si 8 O 20 (OH) 2 (H 2 O)·4H 2 O [21], which contains different metal ions related to different origins place, such as Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , etc. In recent years, palygorskite clay has been widely used in industrial fields such as petrochemical industry, environmental protection, food industry, ceramics, insulation materials and plastics [22,23]. In view of its structure, composition and high surface area, palygorskite clay may be feasible for application in the field of gas explosion suppression. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is still no research about the application of palygorskite clay in gas explosion suppression.Herein, pristine palygorskite powders were used as methane explosion suppression material for the first time. Pristine palygorskite powders were characterized by the techniques of XRD, EDS, N 2 adsorption-desorption and TG-DSC. The suppression properties of the pristine palygorskite powders for 9.5% methane-air premixed gas were tested in a 20 L spherical explosion vessel and a 5 L pipeline experimental system. Based on the sample characterization results and explosion parameters, the suppression mechanism of the pristine palygorskite powders on the gas explosion was further explored. Materials and Methods MaterialsPristine palygorskite powders, which are gray in color, were obtained from Xuyi, Jiangsu province, China. The samples were dried in a vacuum oven at 50 • C for 2 h, and further ground by an agate mortar. Finally, the pristine palygorskite powders for test were collected through a 200 mesh sieve screen. CharacterizationX-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was ca...

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Flame suppression ability of metallocenes (nickelocene, cobaltcene, ferrocene, manganocene, and chromocene)

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Ferrocene-Containing Emulsion-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agents

Ferrocene-Containing Emulsion-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agents

Flame retardancy effects of phosphorus‐containing compounds and cationic photoinitiators on photopolymerized cycloaliphatic epoxy resins

Effect of Pristine Palygorskite Powders on Explosion Characteristics of Methane-Air Premixed Gas

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