Flame Spectroscopy: Atlas of Spectral Lines

Parsons, M. L.; McElfresh, P. M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6084-1

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…4. The emissions in the 350 to 400 nm range agree with the atomic Ru lines most prominently found, and most often used, in atomic spectroscopy (7). They are all transitions to the ground state (a5F5) from z 5~s 0 (349.9 nm), z5F50 (372.8), and z 5~4 0 (379.9) (8).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Detection at the picogram level of bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium by gas chromatography – flame photometry

Sun¹,

Aue²

1989

Can. J. Chem.

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Ruthenocene — bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium — can be determined with surprisingly high sensitivity and selectivity by gas chromatography – flame photometry. The detector's response relies mainly on an unidentified emission system (RuH?) with major peaks at 484 and 528 nm, while some familiar atomic lines show up as well. Without interference filter, the minimum detectable amount of ruthenocene, at S/N = 2, is approximately 2 pg (or 2 × 10−13 g/s or 1 × 10−15 mol/s), the elemental selectivity ruthenium/carbon 4 × 105, and the linear range 1:4 × 104. These calibration characteristics place ruthenium among the strongest luminescing and best performing species in the flame photometric detector. In fact, under conditions optimized for ruthenocene, ruthenium responds stronger than other FPD-active atoms (Sn, P, Cr, S, B). Fortunately, quenching effects are very weak: for instance, it takes about 1600 ppm (v/v) of methane in the detector to reduce the ruthenocene peak height by 50%.Keywords: ruthenocene, gas chromatography, flame photometric detector, ruthenium hydride.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Detection at the picogram level of bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium by gas chromatography – flame photometry

Sun¹,

Aue²

1989

Can. J. Chem.

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“…During the atomization step at 2750 °C some emission lines, not resolved by the polychromator, are observed: these lines are attributed to excited vanadium atoms (305.6,306.0,306.6 and 318.3,318.4,318.5 nm) and to excited nickel atoms (lines from 335 to 350 nm) (11,12)•, as reported above, the system does not distinguish excited from ground state atoms, but simply detects the sum of emission and absorption. Therefore it can be deduced that the excited atoms contribute significantly to the overall behavior of the vapor phase, in agreement with previous observations (13,14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous molecular and atomic spectrometry with electrothermal atomization and diode array detection

Tittarelli¹,

Lancia²,

Zerlia³

1985

Anal. Chem.

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Sir: Some papers dealing with the ultraviolet and visible study of molecular vapors produced by electrothermal atomizers were recently published (1-5). Various instruments were proposed depending on the aim of the work, from conventional flameless atomic absorption spectrometers (1-4) to dedicated equipment (5).Recently also the infrared range has been investigated, coupling an FT-IR spectrometer with a heated graphite atomizer, thus introducing further analytical applications of this device (6). At the same time new techniques have been developed for simultaneous multielement determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) or emission spectrometry (7)(8)(9).Considering these different applications, it seems advisable to explore the capability and behavior of electrothermal atomizers in acquiring, with the same equipment, molecular and/or atomic spectra for qualitative and quantitative analysis. This work reports some results obtained by a single instrument, made up of a graphite furnace and a diode array detector, in the ultraviolet investigation of vaporization phenomena of organic and organometallic compounds previously studied (2,4, 6).EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Apparatus. The equipment consists of a graphite furnace atomizer, Perkin-Elmer HGA-76 B, and Jasco KS-1Q0 M multispectrometer modified to meet the requirements of this study.The atomizer is equipped with an AS-1 autosampler, while solids are sampled as previously described ( 6). The spectrometer includes a deuterium source, polychromator, data processor, and recorder. Deuterium lamp, atomizer, and polychromator are mounted on an optical rail. The diode array of the polychromator (512 elements 25 pm wide) is a Reticon 512 S. The wavelength range (190-355 nm) is focused on the detector diodes by a concave holographic grating (500 lines/mm) blazed at 230 nm. A baffle inserted in front of the entrance slit of the polychromator reduces the detection of light emitted by the graphite furnace tube walls.The calculated resolution of the polychromator is about 0.3 nm/diode and the stray light is evaluated below 0.3%.The data processor can acquire up to 16 spectra with collection times varying from 0.05 s to 1 s and interval times from 0.05 s to 25 s. The spectra are transferred by RS-232 C interface to a Perkin-Elmer 7500 professional computer for absorbance calculation, data storage, and representation.Reagents. Crude oils, pigments, and polymers are examined in this work. The oils are diluted 1 to 10 with pure grade toluene. Pigment Blue 15 (copper phthalocyanine), Pigment Yellow 1 (monoazo derivative of 2-nitro-p-toluidine and acetoacetanilide), and Pigment Red 48:4 (Mn salt of monoazo derivative of 6amino-4-chloro-3-methylbenzenesulfonic acid and 3-hydroxy-2-

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“…The WMAAC system used in this work was a high-resolution simultaneous multielement spectrometer (SIMAAC). The SIMAAC system (22) allows visual observation of any absorption occurring within the modulation interval via an oscilloscope. Although the oscilloscope display is useful, when operating in the multielement mode it is desirable to store the transmission profiles for all 16 channels simultaneously.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The channels associated with the 14 elements routinely measured on the SIMAAC system (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo, Sn, V, Ca, Mg, Na, and K) were studied to see if they were subject to spectral interferences from 17 possible interferent solutions (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo, Sn, V, Ca, Mg, Ma, K, La, Cs, and Si). Predicted potential interferents were obtained from tables of atomic emission lines (17)(18)(19)(20) and atomic absorption lines (2, 21,22). A total of 67 potential interferences were identified with iron being the leading candidate as an interferent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%