Flame Retardation of Banana Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using Melamine Pyrophosphate and Pentaerythritol as Intumescent Flame Retardants

Abstract

Flame retardation of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites using melamine pyrophosphate and pentaerythritol as intumescent flame retardants and the influence of mechanical properties were investigated. The effects of IFR contents and the ratio of MPP and PER on limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL94 rating of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites has been studied. It was found that the combustion performance of the composites increases with increasing IFR contents,and the composites at the ratio of MPP/PER=2:1(weight ratio) at the same loading 40% showed the best combustion performance with IFR contents increasing,the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased and UL94 rating reached, but the mechanical properties of composites significantly decreased. In order to increase the comprehensive properties, the flame retarded fiber was used to prepared the composites,the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composites significantly increased. the best complex properties were the IFR contents was 40%, the ratio of MPP/PER=2:1 (weight ratio), by the spraying method with 20g the fire retardant liquid of every 30g banana fiber.

Moisture absorption and thickness swelling behaviour of luffa fibre/epoxy composite

“…Natural fibre composites have emerged as the realistic alternatives to synthetic fibre in many applications due to their easy availability, light weight, low cost, high specific modulus, nontoxicity and pollution-free production. 1 Interestingly, several types of natural fibres that are abundantly available, such as jute, bagasse, areca and bananas, 1–4 have proved to be useful and efficient reinforcement in polymer–matrix composites. However, the significant problems associated with the use of natural fibres in the composite industry are the poor compatibility with the polymer matrix, high moisture absorption and very sensitive to environmental condition.…”

Investigation of the Flame-Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites with Melamine Pyrophosphate and Aluminum Hypophosphite Addition

“…Through LOI and cone calorimetric testing, it was determined that the composites Based on the literature, a possible series of mechanistic stages may be proposed. At high temperatures, MPP decomposed into some non-flammable gas products (including NH 3 , NO and H 2 O), as well as some phosphorus-containing substances [22][23][24]. Additionally, AP can also decompose at high temperatures to release Al 2 (HPO 4 ) 3 and PH 3 [28,29].…”

“…On the one hand, phosphorus-based flame retardants can promote formation of an expanded carbonation layer on the material surface during combustion, which is able to block oxygen and heating transfer, imparting the interior material with good heat insulation performance. On the other hand, nitrogen-based flame retardants, which can produce nitrogen oxides during combustion, will act as an inert diluent in the flame and prohibit flame propagation [19][20][21].Melamine pyrophosphate (MPP), which contains phosphorus and nitrogen, has been widely used to improve the flame retardant performance of different polymers due to its excellent thermal stability and water resistant characteristics [22][23][24]. Yoshihiko et al [22] compared the impacts of three flame-retardants, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and aluminum hydroxide, on the burning behavior of wood-plastic composites.…”

“…As a result, MPP is often used in combination with other flame retardants. MPP and pentaerythritol (PER) were selected by Pang et al [23] as intumescent flame retardants to study their flame retardant efficacy on banana fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Results showed that when flame retardants contents reached 40 wt% and the weight ratio of MPP/PER was 2:1, the composites presented the best combustion performance.…”

“…Melamine pyrophosphate (MPP), which contains phosphorus and nitrogen, has been widely used to improve the flame retardant performance of different polymers due to its excellent thermal stability and water resistant characteristics [22][23][24]. Yoshihiko et al [22] compared the impacts of three flame-retardants, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and aluminum hydroxide, on the burning behavior of wood-plastic composites.…”