Flame retardant polymer/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites

Gao, Yanshan; Jing, Wu; Wang, Qiang; Wilkie, Charles A.; O’Hare, Dermot

doi:10.1039/c4ta01030b

Cited by 316 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The decomposition temperature of the sample gradually moved to a higher temperature, from 230 to 275 °C. All of the LDHs/CNFs films had higher decomposition rates and lower residues than the pure CNFs film; this was due to the removal of intercalated hydroxy and CO3 2− as well as the dispersion of LDHs in the CNFs membrane, enhancing heat transfer (Gao et al 2014). When the content of LDHs increased to 25%, the TGA curve of the composite films was similar to other composite films from 150 to 600 °C , but the DTG curve appeared two peaks around 50 °C and 110 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Barrier Properties of Nanocellulose / Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Film

Wang

et al. 2017

BioResources

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Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were oxidized by the TEMPO oxidation system from bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp, and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared via the hydrothermal method. MgAl-CO3-LDHs/CNFs composite films with different LDH ratios were prepared via a filtering/evaporation technique that endowed the nanocomposites with barrier and strengthening properties. The MgAl-CO3-LDHs could uniformly disperse in the CNFs matrix with an improved reciprocal adhesion, and the surface result was smooth and continuous. The basic structure of the membrane did not change, but the thermodynamic properties and the water vapor barrier property improved. This composite membrane can be widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical packaging industries as a gas-liquid barrier material. Keywords INTRODUCTIONCellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) film was peeled off from CNFs water suspension. This type of film exhibits environmental friendliness, high transparency, high mechanical performance, and enhanced gas barrier properties. With these multifunctional combinations, these nanocomposites have wide application prospects in the encapsulation of drugs, tissue engineering, or outdoor load-bearing applications. The transparency of the CNFs film was achieved by air-drying, which simultaneously improved the tensile strength and oxygen barrier properties. Because hydrogen bonding in cellulosic nanoparticles forms a dense percolating network, and the penetration of molecules is difficult in the crystalline domains of cellulose microfibrils, these composite films have been suggested for use as barrier films (Fukuzumi 2009;Belbekhouche et al. 2011). Due to the high hydrophilicity of nanocellulose, the fiber network of CNFs membrane material is loose, and the mechanical properties decrease when wet (Lavoine et al. 2012). To improve the barrier properties of CNFs based film materials, chemically modified CNFs were used, and lamellar substances were also added to extend the path of small molecules in the CNFs infiltration. Talc platelets (Liimatainen et al. 2013) and montmorillonite platelets (Wu et al. 2012) were used to increase gas barrier properties of the CNFs film. Compared with other typical platelet-like inorganic materials, the aspect ratio of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanosheets can be easily adjusted during the synthesis process. As an important nanoscale material, LDHs have a hydrophobic nature and layered structures, which make the movement of gas and water molecules become complex and difficult. LDHs improve the gas barrier properties of CNF films, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (Qian et al. 2015).LDHs were prepared via a hydrothermal method, and CNFs were prepared by TEMPO oxidation / homogenization (Saito et al. 2007). The MgAl-CO3-LDHs were PEER-REVIEWED BRIEF COMMUNICATION bioresources.com Wang et al. (2018). "Nanocellulose composite," BioResources 13(1), 1055-1064. 1056 incorporated into the CNFs via a filtering/evaporation technique, which strengthened the nanocomposites. The MgAl-CO3-LDHs dispersed uniformly int...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Barrier Properties of Nanocellulose / Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Film

Wang

et al. 2017

BioResources

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“…Some double-layered hydroxides and halloysite minerals also fall into this class of flame retardants (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). These flame retardants tend to be relatively inexpensive but also need to be used in high loading levels to provide a meaningful cooling effect during a fire event.…”

Section: How Flame Retardants Work All Known Flame Retardants Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flame Retardants: Overview

Morgan

Worku

2015

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Flame retardants are a class of chemicals utilized to provide fire safety performance to other materials, structures, and devices used in modern society. These chemicals are highly varied in molecular structure and chemistry and work by one of the following three main mechanisms: vapor‐phase combustion inhibition, endothermic cooling, or condensed‐phase char formation. The chemicals in use today fall into seven main chemical groups including halogenated, phosphorus based, mineral fillers, nitrogen based, intumescent materials, inorganic materials, and polymer nanocomposites. In this article, how flame retardants are used, how they work, and when to use them is discussed. From the article, it will be clear that flame retardants are chemicals employed to provide fire protection for specific materials in specific fire risk scenarios. Specifically, while the term “flame retardant” can cover a wide range of materials and chemicals, not all materials called flame retardants are effective in all materials and against all fire threats. Each flame retardant chemical must be tailored for its end use, and in this article, the criteria for flame retardant selection and use will be discussed in a general manner. This article serves as an overview of flame‐retardant technology from how they are used today, what chemistries are used, and what the future of this technology may be. The article is comprehensive in scope about what this chemical technology is, but cannot provide all of the essential details for proper use of these materials in end‐use fire safety applications. Still, guidance is provided in the article to help the reader to understand the breadth of the technology and where to go to learn more, or how to engage intelligently with fire safety engineers and fire safety scientists to develop fire‐safe materials.

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“…Regarding toxicity, the replacement of, for instance, brome-reducing flame (BRF) and chromate agents prompts new developments where 2D hybrid materials may play a key role as filler due to their barrier effect coming not only from their structural anisotropy but also from their cargo effect. This is exemplified by flame retardant PNs using LDH in replacement of BRF [43] and by corrosion inhibitors placed into the polymer coating to protect metal substrate. [44] Fillers usually endow properties to the polymer, but the opposite is also true.…”

Section: From Geology To Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Materials: Transferring Technology from Biology to Society

et al. 2015

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Hybrid materials are at the forefront of modern research and technology; hence a large number of publications on hybrid materials has already appeared in the scientific literature. This essay focuses on the specifics and peculiarities of hybrid materials based on two‐dimensional (2D) building blocks and confinements, for two reasons: (1) 2D materials have a very broad field of application, but they also illustrate many of the scientific challenges the community faces, both on a fundamental and an application level; (2) all authors of this essay are involved in research on 2D materials, but their perspective and vision of how the field will develop in the future and how it is possible to benefit from these new developments are rooted in very different scientific subfields. The current article will thus present a personal, yet quite broad, account of how hybrid materials, specifically 2D hybrid materials, will provide means to aid modern societies in fields as different as healthcare and energy.

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Flame retardant polymer/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites

Cited by 316 publications

References 106 publications

Preparation and Barrier Properties of Nanocellulose / Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Film

Preparation and Barrier Properties of Nanocellulose / Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Film

Flame Retardants: Overview

Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Materials: Transferring Technology from Biology to Society

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