Flame retardant nanofillers and its behavior in polymer nanocomposite

Mazlan, Norkhairunnisa; Farid, B.; Hua, Tay C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824492-0.00018-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…For example, to improve the flame behavior, polymers need large amounts of FR microadditives, but this will be detrimental to the mechanical properties of the final composite [22]. However, if the size of the additives is small, as in the case of FR nanoadditives, a reduction in their quantity can Polymers 2023, 15, 2431 5 of 17 be achieved with respect to larger additives, increasing the surface area per unit volume and improving the interactions between the additives and the polymer matrix avoiding a loss of mechanical properties [23]. Therefore, in order to know the particle size of the different FR additives, SEM images were taken (Figure 2).…”

Section: Characterization Of Fr Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Effect of Chemical and Physical Processes for Flame Retardant Additives in Recycled ABS

et al. 2023

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In the present work, the effectiveness of four non-halogenated flame retardants (FR) (aluminium trihydroxide (ATH), magnesium hydroxide (MDH), Sepiolite (SEP) and a mix of metallic oxides and hydroxides (PAVAL)) in blends with recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (rABS) was studied in order to develop a more environmentally friendly flame-retardant composite alternative. The mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the obtained composites as well as their flame-retardant mechanism were evaluated by UL-94 and cone calorimetric tests. As expected, these particles modified the mechanical performance of the rABS, increasing its stiffness at the expense of reducing its toughness and impact behavior. Regarding the fire behavior, the experimentation showed that there is an important synergy between the chemical mechanism provided by MDH (decomposition into oxides and water) and the physical mechanism provided by SEP (oxygen barrier), which means that mixed composites (rABS/MDH/SEP) can be obtained with a flame behavior superior to that of the composites studied with only one type of FR. In order to find a balance between mechanical properties, composites with different amounts of SEP and MDH were evaluated. The results showed that composites with the composition rABS/MDH/SEP: 70/15/15 wt.% increase the time to ignition (TTI) by 75% and the resulting mass after ignition by more than 600%. Furthermore, they decrease the heat release rate (HRR) by 62.9%, the total smoke production (TSP) by 19.04% and the total heat release rate (THHR) by 13.77% compared to unadditivated rABS; without compromising the mechanical behavior of the original material. These results are promising and potentially represent a greener alternative for the manufacture of flame-retardant composites.

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Section: Characterization Of Fr Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Effect of Chemical and Physical Processes for Flame Retardant Additives in Recycled ABS

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, including fillers reduces polymer chain mobility, resulting in a slower TGA degradation rate. [23][24][25] Some fillers can encourage char formation, providing a protective layer during breakdown. Filler loading influences the glass transition temperature (T g ) in DSC, increasing it due to reduced chain motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increased filler content, thermal stability improves since the fillers serve as heat sinks, dispersing heat and delaying degradation. Furthermore, including fillers reduces polymer chain mobility, resulting in a slower TGA degradation rate 23–25 . Some fillers can encourage char formation, providing a protective layer during breakdown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaeocarpus ganitrus (rudraksha) seeds as a potential sustainable reinforcement for polymer matrix composites

Irawan,

Siregar,

Cionita

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Creating environmentally friendly materials like polymer matrix composites (PMCs) enhanced with natural fillers has grown in recent decades. It supports the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) by reducing the reliance on non‐renewable resources, minimizing waste generation, and promoting sustainable land and water management practices. This investigation assesses the viability of employing Elaeocarpus ganitrus (rudraksha) seeds as a filler (rudraksha seed filler [RSF] in environmentally sustainable composite materials. Various loading concentrations and sizes of RSFs were incorporated by hand lay‐up into polymer epoxy resin (ER). The effect of filler on the mechanical properties of composites was observed. Thermal properties of RSF/epoxy composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The 10 wt% 100‐mesh filler had the maximum tensile strength (TS) at 42.30 MPa and flexural strength (FS) at 87.4 MPa, surpassing other filler sizes and loading concentrations. Meanwhile, the highest impact properties have been achieved with 20 wt% of RSF with 0.436 J. The results of this study highlight the significant impact of filler type and concentration on the mechanical properties of the material. These findings offer valuable insights that may be applied to various industrial contexts. Furthermore, incorporating 10% up to 30 wt% RSF in epoxy composites has brought more thermal stability than virgin epoxy. It revealed that the RSFs possess higher decomposition temperatures than the epoxy matrix. RSF has a potential sustainable reinforcement in polymer composites and holds great promise for addressing environmental challenges and aligning with several SDGs.Highlights Interest in eco‐friendly materials, like polymer composites with natural reinforcements, has been increasing in recent decades. Rudraksha sees filler is lightweight with low moisture, high carbon content, and some mineral elements. The addition of Rudraksha seed filler has enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. Rudraksha seed filler possess higher decomposition temperatures than the epoxy matrix. Rudraksha seed filler has a promising future as a sustainable friction material for automotive brake pads.

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Flame-retardant textile structural composites for construction application: a review

Agnihotri,

Sheikh,

Singh

et al. 2024

J Mater Sci

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Flame retardant nanofillers and its behavior in polymer nanocomposite

Cited by 3 publications

References 74 publications

Cooperative Effect of Chemical and Physical Processes for Flame Retardant Additives in Recycled ABS

Cooperative Effect of Chemical and Physical Processes for Flame Retardant Additives in Recycled ABS

Elaeocarpus ganitrus (rudraksha) seeds as a potential sustainable reinforcement for polymer matrix composites

Flame-retardant textile structural composites for construction application: a review

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