Flame retardant, mechanical and thermal insulating properties of rigid polyurethane foam modified by nano zirconium amino-tris-(methylenephosphonate) and expandable graphite

Liu, Lei; Wang, Zhengzhou; Zhu, Menghe

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.108997

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Due to this, many additives such as nanoparticles or fibers have been used as reinforcement fillers for the production of rigid polyurethane foams [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Besides several inorganic fillers, such as nanoclay [9,10], expandable graphite [11][12][13][14], silica [15][16][17][18][19], talc [17,20,21], or polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) [22][23][24][25], the production of composite foams with bio-based fillers from natural recourses has attracted attention due to their environmentally friendly character [26][27][28][29]. Silane treatment ( Figure 2): Silane solution was prepared by dissolving triphenylsilanol in ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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In this work, rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams were prepared by incorporating 2 wt% of eucalyptus fibers. The eucalyptus fibers were surface-modified by maleic anhydride, alkali, and silane (triphenylsilanol) treatment. The impact of the modified eucalyptus fibers on the mechanical, thermal, and fire performances of polyurethane foams was analyzed. It was observed that the addition of eucalyptus fibers showed improved mechanical and thermal properties and the best properties were shown by silane-treated fibers with a compressive strength of 312 kPa and a flexural strength of 432 kPa. Moreover, the thermal stability values showed the lowest decline for polyurethane foams modified with the silane-treated fibers, due to the better thermal stability of such modified fibers. Furthermore, the flame resistance of polyurethane foams modified with the silane-treated fibers was also the best among the studied composites. A cone calorimetry test showed a decrease in the peak of heat release from 245 to 110 kW∙m−2 by the incorporation of silane-treated fibers. Furthermore, total heat release and total smoke release were also found to decrease remarkably upon the incorporation of silane-treated fibers. The value of limiting oxygen index was increased from 20.2% to 22.1%. Char residue was also found to be increased from 24.4% to 28.3%. It can be concluded that the application of chemically modified eucalyptus fibers has great potential as an additive to incorporate good mechanical, thermal, and fire properties in rigid polyurethane foams.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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“…Widely used for sound absorption [1][2][3], furniture [3,4], and insulating materials [5], polyurethane foam (PUF) plays an important role in our daily life. Compared with other insulating materials, PUF has the advantage of low thermal conductivity, high mechanical and chemical stability at both high and low temperatures, and the ability to form sandwich structures with various facer materials [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants on the Thermal Stability of Phase Change Polyurethane Foams

Liu

2020

Materials

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To improve thermal insulation, microencapsulated phase change materials (micro-PCMs), expandable graphite (EG), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were introduced into polyurethane foam (PUF) to enhance the thermal stability and improve the thermal insulation behavior. The morphology of the PUF and micro-PCM was studied using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM), while the thermophysical properties of the PUF were investigated using a hot disk thermal constants analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the PUF was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the gas products volatilized from the PUF were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR). The results revealed that the thermal conductivities of the PUF were reduced because micro-PCM is effective in absorbing energy, showing that the PUF functions not only as a thermal insulation material but also as a heat sink for energy absorption. Moreover, the EG and APP were found to be effective in improving the thermal stabilities of the PUF, and the optimized formulation among EG, APP, and micro-PCMs in the PUF showed a significant synergistic effect.

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“…Moreover, the H particles tended to aggregate with the formation of increased size aggregates. Most of the histidine particles visible on the SEM images are agglomerates of a very large number of particles, possessing a super-microporous structure [ 23 ]. Moreover, SEM images allow observing that the carried out modification increased the GO A size from nano to micrometers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide

et al. 2021

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Since rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are one of the most effective thermal insulation materials with widespread application, it is an urgent requirement to improve its fire retardancy and reduce the smoke emission. The current work assessed the fire behavior of PU foam with non-halogen fire retardants system, containing histidine (H) and modified graphene oxide (GOA). For investigated system, three loadings (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry (CC) and smoke density chamber tests as well as pre- and post-burning morphological evaluation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. Moreover, TGA combined with FT-IR was conducted to determine the substances, which could be evolved during the thermal decomposition of the PU with fire retardant system. The results indicated a reduction in heat release rate (HRR), maximum average rate of heat emission (MAHRE), the total heat release (THR) as well as the total smoke release (TSR), and maximum specific optical density (Dsmax) compared to the polyurethane with commercial fire retardant, namely ammonium polyphosphate (APP). A significantly improvement, especially in smoke suppression, suggested that HGOA system may be a candidate as a fire retardant to reduce the flammability of PU foams.

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Flame retardant, mechanical and thermal insulating properties of rigid polyurethane foam modified by nano zirconium amino-tris-(methylenephosphonate) and expandable graphite

Cited by 58 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

The Influence of Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants on the Thermal Stability of Phase Change Polyurethane Foams

Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide

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