Flame-retardant epoxy resin based on aluminum monomethylphosphinate

Hu, Quan; Peng, Panrui; Peng, Sha; Liu, Jiyan; Liu, Xueqing; Zou, Liyong; Chen, Jia

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-5907-7

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It can be seen that the thermal degradation process of the composites prepared with unmodified and modified matrices occurs in one stage (Figure 5). In accordance with the literature, 36,42 the thermal stability of the composites prepared using the modified matrices significantly decreased, compared to that prepared from unmodified resin. The AS0 composite starts to decompose at 401°C, while the temperature at which the mass loss of the sample reached 5 wt% of the AS1 and AS5 composites was lower by 78.4°C and 47.0°C, respectively, which is attributed to a strong interaction between the polyphosphate and EP and the catalyst effect of metal cations as described in the literature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites with reduced flammability

Oliwa

Oleksy

Czech-Polak

et al. 2019

Journal of Fire Sciences

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This study investigates the possible enhancement of flame resistance in powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites. For this purpose, the halogen-free flame retardants containing phosphorous, nitrogen and aluminium were used. The total content of the fillers did not exceed 25 wt%. The laminates assessed for flame retardancy were designed specifically to be used as components of seats in public transport. Thermal resistance of the laminates and the surfaces of partially burned composites were also examined using thermogravimetric and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses, respectively. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the highest flame resistance (V-0 class, minimum oxygen concentration = 35.5% and maximum average rate of heat emission = 38.5 kW/m2 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2) was identified in the laminates with matrix comprising 15 wt% aluminium diethyl phosphinate and 10 wt% melamine polyphosphate. In turn, the laminates with the matrix containing ammonium polyphosphate as the main component achieved only the V-1 flammability class.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites with reduced flammability

Oliwa

Oleksy

Czech-Polak

et al. 2019

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…Liu et al [31] proposed some evidence, such as thermal stability improvement, that confirmed the interactions between a metal phosphinate additive and epoxy matrix and their compatibility. The aluminum cation present in phosphorus precursors can also participate in the epoxy ring-opening reaction as a consequence of complexing with oxygen as a Lewis acid [32]. It should be mentioned that the presence of AHP nanoparticles did not change the kinetics of cure, and only provided more active sites thanks to aluminum cations that could result in a denser network.…”

Section: Qualitative Cure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO2)

et al. 2020

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For the first time, nano-scale aluminum hypophosphite (AlPO2) was simply obtained in a two-step milling process and applied in preparation of epoxy nanocomposites varying concentration (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% based on resin weight). Studying the cure kinetics and thermal stability of these nanocomposites would pave the way toward the design of high-performance nanocomposites for special applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) revealed AlPO2 particles having domains less than 60 nm with high potential for agglomeration. Excellent (at heating rate of 5 °C/min) and Good (at heating rates of 10, 15 and 20 °C/min) cure states were detected for nanocomposites under nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While the dimensionless curing temperature interval (ΔT*) was almost equal for epoxy/AlPO2 nanocomposites, dimensionless heat release (ΔH*) changed by densification of polymeric network. Quantitative cure analysis based on isoconversional Friedman and Kissinger methods gave rise to the kinetic parameters such as activation energy and the order of reaction as well as frequency factor. Variation of glass transition temperature (Tg) was monitored to explain the molecular interaction in the system, where Tg increased from 73.2 °C for neat epoxy to just 79.5 °C for the system containing 0.1 wt.% AlPO2. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that nanocomposites were thermally stable.

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“…At present, research on reducing the flammability of polymers focuses on seeking for environment friendly flame retardants containing preferably such elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, and silicon. The most commonly used flame retardants additives are phosphorus and nitrogen compounds such as: ammonium polyphosphate [4][5][6], melamine polyphosphate [7,8] and aluminum phosphinates [9,10]. The addition in the range 10-20 wt % allow to obtain fire-resistant composites.…”

Section: Ognioodporne Kompozyty Epoksydowe Wzmocnione Tkaniną Szklanąmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire resistant glass fabric-epoxy composites with reduced smoke emission

et al. 2019

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In this article a preparation method of epoxy resin/glass fabric composites with reduced flammability and smoke emission was presented. For this purpose the two groups of powder-epoxy compositions containing: (1) melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlDPi); (2) ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and dipentaerythritol (DPE) were used as matrices in six-ply glass fabric reinforced composites. The flame retardants content was 25 wt %. In addition, the 10-15 wt % of zinc borate (ZB) as a smoke reducing agent was added to each compositions. The flame resistant and smoke emission of prepared laminates designed for application in public transport components were evaluated. It was found that with the increase of zinc borate content, the emission of fumes decreased. The lowest maximum of specific optical density (D s max = 312.2), specific optical density in the first 4 minutes of the test [D s (4) = 304.1] and cumulative specific optical densities in the first 4 minutes of the test (VOF 4 = 707.6 min) have been achieved for composite containing 10 wt % of MPP, 15 wt % of AlDPi and 15 wt % of ZB. Furthermore, this composite was characterized by V0 class by UL94 test, limiting oxygen index LOI = 36.8 % and maximum average rate of heat emission MAHRE = 80 kW/m 2 .

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Flame-retardant epoxy resin based on aluminum monomethylphosphinate

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites with reduced flammability

Powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites with reduced flammability

Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO2)

Fire resistant glass fabric-epoxy composites with reduced smoke emission

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