Flame Retardant Epoxy Derived from Tannic Acid as Biobased Hardener

Kim, Young‐O; Cho, Jaehyun; Yeo, Hyeonuk; Lee, Byoung Wan; Moon, Byung Joon; Ha, Yu‐Mi; Jo, Ye Rin; Jung, Yong Chae

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b04851

Cited by 112 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The difference between the two cases is that the peak of the tan δ curve for the 2MZS‐cured thermoset is a little wider than that for the 2MZ‐cured sample. It is probably due to the chemical incorporation of polyfunctional N 3 P 3 ‐COOH units in epoxy thermosets affecting the homogeneity of the cross‐linked network to some extent …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal latent curing agent for epoxy resins from neutralization of 2‐methylimidazole with a phosphazene‐containing polyfunctional carboxylic acid

Wei

Sun

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel thermal latent curing agent, 2MZS, was obtained through the reaction of 2-methylimidazole (2MZ) and a symmetrically carboxyl-functionalized star-shaped molecule based on cyclotriphosphazene (N 3 P 3 -COOH). In the complex, the resonance of N 3 P 3 -COOH reduced the activity of lone electron pairs on the pyridine-type nitrogen atom of imidazole ring, suppressing the nucleophilic attack and crosslinking reaction between 2MZ and epoxy resin. As a result, the storage stability was improved distinctly for the one-pot epoxy compound, which could be steadily stored at room temperature for nearly 1 month. Nonisothermal DSC revealed a delayed initiation curing mechanism of the prepared one-pot system, and which could undergo rapid curing reaction upon raising the temperature. Moreover, the introduction of terminally polyfunctional star-shaped phosphazene derivative could promote the curing process at elevated temperature, as well as improve the chain rigidity of the cured resin by chemical incorporation into the cross-linked network, thus endowing the cured resin with enhanced glassy storage modulus. The epoxy thermoset exhibited the highest glass transition temperature and thermal degradation temperature when 20 wt% of 2MZS was used. It is suggested that the novel latent curing agent is potential for high-performance one-pot epoxy compound, particularly recommended for application in electronic packaging fields. K E Y W O R D Scuring agent, epoxy resin, imidazole, latent, phosphazene

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal latent curing agent for epoxy resins from neutralization of 2‐methylimidazole with a phosphazene‐containing polyfunctional carboxylic acid

Wei

Sun

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Glycidyl phosphate ester of TA was obtained according to a novel developed procedure for obtaining fire retardant epoxy components [28]. At room temperature, TA (6 g) was dissolved in 50 mL of a 1:1 ratio mixture of chloroform and NMP in a 250 mL three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a vacuum distillation apparatus and two pressure equalizing dropping funnel.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Glycidyl Phosphate Ester Of Tamentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Interface Adhesion by Novel Eco-Epoxy Adhesives Based on the Modified Tannic Acid on Al and CFRP Adherends

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a new process for obtaining eco-epoxide adhesives synthesized from bio-renewable raw material (tannic acid—TA) and used for bonding lightweight materials (aluminum (Al) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)). Two synthesized bio-epoxy components based on TA, (A) glycidyl ether and (B) glycidyl phosphate ester of TA, were used as a replacement for the toxic epoxy component based on Bisphenol A. The effect of eco-epoxy components on the interface adhesion was measured by the determination of adhesion parameter b, which was compared to the reference epoxy (REF). The increase of adhesion parameter b was 77.5% for A and 151.5% for B. The adhesion of both eco-adhesives was tested using the bell peel test (BPT) with the Al and CFRP adherends. When compared to REF, the average peel load for B was 17.6% (39.3%) and 58.3% (176.9%) higher for the Al and CFRP adherends, respectively. Complete adhesion failure of REF reflected the weak adhesion to both Al and CFRP, which was improved by the addition of eco-epoxy components A and B showing the presence of cohesive failure. The microhardness testing method of interface adhesion was proven to be a fast and reliable testing method, providing a qualitative indication in adhesive selection.

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“…First, the work of Kim et al discusses incorporation of TA in to bisphenol A‐based epoxy to create resins with a 46% increase in limiting oxygen index. [ 14 ] Second, Shao et al mixed TA‐functionalized graphene with ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol to be coated on expanded polystyrene foam. A 300 μm coating was reported to improve the UL‐94 rating from a failing rank to V‐0 and decrease peak heat release rate by approximately 54% (435.6–201.4 kW/m 2 ), all while maintaining the insulation utility of expanded polystyrene foams measured by similar thermal conductivities (0.048 W/mK control to 0.053 W/mK sample system).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannic acid based super‐intumescent coatings for prolonged fire protection of cardboard and wood

et al. 2021

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Tannic acid (TA) has gained increased attention in recent years for its application in fire safety due to its natural abundance and char‐forming ability. In this paper, TA‐based composites were developed and evaluated against control composites containing pentaerythritol (PER), a common intumescent char‐forming agent. Individual component analysis was performed to provide a fundamental material understanding, followed by compounding in epoxy resin with other intumescent ingredients for intumescent testing (especially compared against PER control). In all TA systems, time to failure was elongated from seconds or minutes to over 15 min (up to 27 min). Quantitative analysis followed using cone calorimetry. TA composites displayed lower peak heat release values (211 vs. 108 kW/m2), lower total heat release values (37.2 vs. 24.4 MJ/m2), and lower fire growth rates (2.43 vs. 1.27 kW/m2s−1) relative to PER composites. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that TA char is more carbonaceous, containing 54.71 at% C (relative to only 39.63 at% C in PER char). This work presents TA‐containing composites that offer superior fire protection as compared to previous reports using TA composites and hence offer significant advancement in fire protection related and packaging industries.

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Flame Retardant Epoxy Derived from Tannic Acid as Biobased Hardener

Cited by 112 publications

References 67 publications

Thermal latent curing agent for epoxy resins from neutralization of 2‐methylimidazole with a phosphazene‐containing polyfunctional carboxylic acid

Thermal latent curing agent for epoxy resins from neutralization of 2‐methylimidazole with a phosphazene‐containing polyfunctional carboxylic acid

Enhanced Interface Adhesion by Novel Eco-Epoxy Adhesives Based on the Modified Tannic Acid on Al and CFRP Adherends

Tannic acid based super‐intumescent coatings for prolonged fire protection of cardboard and wood

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