Flame-retardant effect of montmorillonite intercalation iron compounds in polypropylene/aluminum hydroxide composites system

Liu, Lei; Zhang, Hongkai; Sun, Lei; Kong, Qinghong; Zhang, Junhao

doi:10.1007/s10973-015-5213-9

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The pk-HRR of the pure PP is 1057 kW/m 2 , and the pk-HRR values of PP-5%LDH, PP-10%LDH and PP-20%LDH were obviously decreased to 878, 705, and 500 kW/m 2 , respectively. Liu et al reported that when 50 mass% ATH is added to the PP matrix, the pk-HRR of PP/ATH composite is 539.8 kW/m 2 [52]. Compared with the reported PP/ATH with 50 mass% ATH, the PP-20%LDH shows better flame retardancy.…”

Section: Combustion Behavior Of Compositesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

2017

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Abstract:In order to comprehensively improve the strength, toughness, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP), layered double hydroxide (LDH) Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH was synthesized by a coprecipitation method coupled with the microwave-hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology, mechanical, thermal, and fire properties for PP composites containing 1 wt %-20 wt % Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH were investigated. The cone calorimeter tests confirm that the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) of PP-20%LDH was decreased to 500 kW/m 2 from the 1057 kW/m 2 of PP. The pk-HRR, average mass loss rate (AMLR) and effective heat of combustion (EHC) analysis indicates that the condensed phase fire retardant mechanism of Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH in the composites. The production rate and mean release yield of CO for composites gradually decrease as Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH increases in the PP matrix. Thermal analysis indicates that the decomposition temperature for PP-5%LDH and PP-10%LDH is 34 • C higher than that of the pure PP. The mechanical tests reveal that the tensile strength of PP-1%LDH is 7.9 MPa higher than that of the pure PP. Furthermore, the elongation at break of PP-10%LDH is 361% higher than PP. In this work, the synthetic LDH Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH can be used as a flame retardant, smoke suppressant, thermal stabilizer, reinforcing, and toughening agent of PP products.

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Section: Combustion Behavior Of Compositesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

2017

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“…The diversity and abundance of data were reasons why such different scales were provided for detection of behavior of PP against flame. Here: ■ ATH-50 [ 80 ], ATH-60 [ 81 ], ATH-20, ATH-40, MDH-20, MDH-40 [ 82 ], MDH-40, MDH-60 [ 82 ], MDH-62.5 [ 83 ], MDH-50 [ 84 ], MDH-40 [ 85 ], MDH-30, m-MDH-30, m-MDH-30 [ 86 ], MDH-10, MDH-15 [ 87 ], Kaol-25 [ 64 ], Kaol-0.5, Kaol-1.5, Kaol-3, m-Kaol-0.5, m-Kaol-1.5, m-Kaol-3 [ 88 ], Kaol-1.5, m-Kaol-1.5 [ 89 ], Kaol-10, Kaol-20, Kaol-30, m-Kaol-10, m-Kaol-20, m-Kaol-30, TC-10, TC-20, TC-30 [ 90 ], LDH-0.5, LDH-1, LDH-1.5, m-LDH-0.5, m-LDH-1, m-LDH-1.5, LDH-0.5, LDH-1, LDH-1.5, m-LDH-0.5, m-LDH-1, m-LDH-1.5 [ 91 ], A-LDH-1, A-LDH-2, B-LDH-1, B-LDH-2, B-LDH-4, C-LDH-1, C-LDH-2, C-LDH-4, D-LDH-1, D-LDH-2, D-LDH-4, E-LDH-1, E-LDH-2, E-LDH-4 [ 92 ], A-LDH-1, A-LDH-4, B-LDH-1, B-LDH-4, C-LDH-1, C-LDH-4, D-LDH-1, D-LDH-4, E-LDH-1, E-LDH-4 [ 92 ], A-LDH-1, A-LDH-4, B-LDH-1, B-LDH-4, C-LDH-1, C-LDH-4, D-LDH-1, D-LDH-4, E-LDH-1, E-LDH-4 [ 92 ], A-LDH-1, A-LDH-4, C-LDH-1, C-LDH-4, E-LDH-1, E-LDH-4 [ 92 ], m-LDH-1, m-LDH-3, m-LDH-5 [ 93 ], m-LDH-3, m-LDH-5, m-LDH-10 [ 94 ], LDH-10.7, m-LDH-10.7 [ 95 ], alkyl-NH 4 Cl-1.2, MMT-5, H-MMT-5, m-MMT-5 [ 96 ], m-MMT-5 [ 96 ], m-MMT-4.75, m-MMT-4.75, m-MMT-4.75 [ 97 ], ...…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Polypropylenes: A Review

et al. 2020

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Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity plastic known for high rigidity and crystallinity, which is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, high flammability of PP has always been noticed by users as a constraint; therefore, a variety of additives has been examined to make PP flame-retardant. In this work, research papers on the flame retardancy of PP have been comprehensively reviewed, classified in terms of flame retardancy, and evaluated based on the universal dimensionless criterion of Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). The classification of additives of well-known families, i.e., phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, mineral, carbon-based, bio-based, and hybrid flame retardants composed of two or more additives, was reflected in FRI mirror calculated from cone calorimetry data, whatever heat flux and sample thickness in a given series of samples. PP composites were categorized in terms of flame retardancy performance as Poor, Good, or Excellent cases. It also attempted to correlate other criteria like UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) with FRI values, giving a broad view of flame retardancy performance of PP composites. The collected data and the conclusions presented in this survey should help researchers working in the field to select the best additives among possibilities for making the PP sufficiently flame-retardant for advanced applications.

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“…A combination of several fillers can give a synergistic effect and enhance the power of the fillers. Otherwise, more than 30% would have been required to achieve a similar effect if the fillers were used alone, as different studies showed that more than 30% of fillers were required to have any significant effect on flame-retarding properties [43,44]. On the other hand, char-forming ability could also significantly improve the flame-retardant property of a material, as shown by Sain et al [13].…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main designated flame-retardant filler used in this study was aluminium trihydrate (ATH), which can be classified as a medium-strength filler. Studies have shown that quite a high percentage of aluminium trihydrate is required (equal to or above 30%) to have a better impact on the flame-retardant properties of a composite [43][44][45][46]. The thermal stability of aluminium trihydrate is also on the lower side as the 1 st step of decomposition takes place at around 200°C when the water molecules are released [47].…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Banana Peel in the Development of a Less Flammable Polyester Composite

Anannya

Afroz

Kibria

et al. 2022

TEKS

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This study attempted to produce a cheap polyester composite material using an agricultural waste banana peel in the structure. Banana fibre has been used in composites as reinforcements, but banana peel has never been used with polyester before. The possibility of improved thermal and flammability properties of a composite due to increased moisture in the structure, and the char-forming ability of the cellulosic part of banana peel or the production of highly flammable material due to the presence of carbohydrates in the structure were the assumptions. To tackle the second assumption, aluminium trihydrate (ATH) was added. The handmade composites showed a drastic drop in tensile strength from 38.02 MPa to 16.72 MPa due to a lack of chemical bonding between the constituents. The impact and flexural strength showed some improvement with the addition of banana peel, along with ATH, to record results of 10.92 kg/cm and 49 MPa, respectively, after the initial drop that occurred when only ATH was added. However, these results were still inferior to the properties of pure polyester. The results of flammability and thermal resistance matched the second assumption, as flame retardancy was kept under control by the presence of ATH. The absorbency properties remained almost unaffected.

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Flame-retardant effect of montmorillonite intercalation iron compounds in polypropylene/aluminum hydroxide composites system

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

Flame Retardant Polypropylenes: A Review

Use of Banana Peel in the Development of a Less Flammable Polyester Composite

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