Flame retardant, combustion and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene composites treated with the mixture of pentaerythritol, nickel hydroxystannate and expandable graphite

Gao, Quan; Zhao, He; Zhou, Xue-Ling; Liu, Fu-Ya; Jiao, Yunhong; Xie, Jixing; Qu, Hongqiang; Xu, Jin-Quan; Ma, Haiyun

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110084

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…18,33 In the condensed phase, the metal oxides formed by the decomposition of CuHS acted as a physical barrier on the EC surface, which improved the quality of the char layer and effectively prevented mass and heat transfer between the gas phase and the condensed phase. 34…”

Section: Char Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resin/cyannate ester copolymer with improved fire safety, mechanical properties and low dielectric loss enabled by 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydrogen-9-oxa-10-phosphazephenanthrene-10-oxide and copper hydroxystannate

Huang,

Wang

2023

High Performance Polymers

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Epoxy resin/cyanate ester copolymer (EC) possesses the advantages of low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, while the easy flammability of EC restricts its applications. The effect of 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydrogen-9-oxa-10-phosphazephenanthrene-10-oxide (DQ) and copper hydroxystannate (CuHS) on the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, mechanical properties and thermal decomposition behavior of EC was studied. The EC composite containing 7 wt% DQ and 3 wt% CuHS (EC/7DQ3CuHS) passed the UL-94 V0 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 32.0% The peak heat release rate and total heat release of EC/7DQ3CuHS fell by 41.9% and 35.0% respectively, compared with those of pure EC. The total smoke release of EC/7DQ3CuHS was reduced by 36.0% in comparison with that of the EC composite containing 10 wt% DQ. The tensile and impact strengths of the EC composite with 9 wt% DQ and 1 wt% CuHS increased by 16.9% and 19.2%, respectively in contrast with pure EC. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the EC composites maintained at relative low values. The as-prepared EC composites have application prospect in electronic packaging industry.

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Section: Char Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resin/cyannate ester copolymer with improved fire safety, mechanical properties and low dielectric loss enabled by 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydrogen-9-oxa-10-phosphazephenanthrene-10-oxide and copper hydroxystannate

Huang,

Wang

2023

High Performance Polymers

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“…Recently, the combination of three additives, including 2 phr pentaerythritol, 2 phr nickel hydroxy stannate, and 28 phr EG, exhibited a good synergistic flame retardant effect in the PP matrix. 21 The composite passed the UL-94 V-0 level with an LOI value of 28%. However, the use of high EG content can cause serious deterioration in the mechanical properties of the composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the synergistic effect of red phosphorus and magnesium hydroxide on the thermal degradation behavior and flame resistance of the intumescent fire‐retardant polypropylene system

Thi,

Doanh,

Dat

et al. 2023

Fire and Materials

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High fire‐resistance polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by using environment‐friendly flame retardants including expandable graphite (EG), red phosphorus (RP), and magnesium hydroxide (MH). Synergism between EG, RP, and MH on the thermo‐oxidation behavior and flame resistance of PP was found. The incorporation of MH and RP formed highly thermally stable mixtures of magnesium phosphates consisting of Mg3(PO4)2, Mg(PO3)2, and α‐Mg2P2O7 at both amorphous and crystalline phases in the burning process. The mixture not only covered the surface of burning materials but also could reinforce the char structure of the PP/EG composites, thereby significantly enhancing the condensed phase flame retardant mechanism of the composites. Mass ratios of the flame retardants were also optimized to obtain the composite with the highest flame retardant efficiency. The result revealed that the combination of EG, RP, and MH in PP at MH/RP mass ratio of 3/2 with only a total additive content of 18 wt.% could make its limiting oxygen index (LOI) increase from 16.8% to 27.2% and the UL‐94 rating was improved from none to V‐0. In addition, the mechanical properties of the composites were improved via the surface treatment of MH and RP with calcium stearate and silicone oil, respectively.

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“…[13,14] Therefore, they are considered to be an efficient non-toxic flame retardant and smoke suppressant, of which zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) is a typical representative. [15][16][17] In addition, CoSn(OH) 6 , [18,19] CaSn (OH) 6 , [20] SrSn(OH) 6 , [21] and NiSn(OH) 6 [22] have also been studied in recent years for use in flame retardant polymers. By no coincidence, copper hydroxystannate (CuSn(OH) 6 ) also has similar physicochemical properties and has been proven to be used in photocatalysis, [23] batteries, [24,25] and sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28] Although spherical inorganic particles are more easily dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix, most inorganic fillers still affect their processing mechanical properties. [21,22] Therefore, how to ensure flame retardant efficiency meanwhile improve the mechanical properties still remains a great challenge. Hybrid flame retardant is simply explained as a combined flame retardant system derived from two or more flame retardants through covalent bonding, ionization assembly, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyphosphazene hybridized perovskite copper hydroxystannate microspheres effectively improve the flame retardant and mechanical properties of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Resin

Yang

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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To effectively reduce the fire hazard of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC), this study explored the synthesis of perovskite‐type copper hydroxystannate (CuSn(OH)6) microspheres by co‐precipitation method. Then an organic–inorganic hybrid microsphere (CuSn(OH)6@PZS) with core‐shell structure was fabricated by in situ coating with poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS). The results showed that CuSn(OH)6@PZS performs most significantly in reducing the total heat release, while the CuSn(OH)6 alone achieves the best smoke suppression effect. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the PVC composites is improved from 29.0% to a maximum of 35.3%. During combustion, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) decrease by a maximum of 50.8% and 44.9%, respectively. Significantly, the presence of the PZS coating also improves the interfacial compatibility with PVC. The mechanical properties were significantly improved and the elongation at break improving by 40.9%.

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Flame retardant, combustion and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene composites treated with the mixture of pentaerythritol, nickel hydroxystannate and expandable graphite

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Epoxy resin/cyannate ester copolymer with improved fire safety, mechanical properties and low dielectric loss enabled by 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydrogen-9-oxa-10-phosphazephenanthrene-10-oxide and copper hydroxystannate

Epoxy resin/cyannate ester copolymer with improved fire safety, mechanical properties and low dielectric loss enabled by 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydrogen-9-oxa-10-phosphazephenanthrene-10-oxide and copper hydroxystannate

Investigation of the synergistic effect of red phosphorus and magnesium hydroxide on the thermal degradation behavior and flame resistance of the intumescent fire‐retardant polypropylene system

Polyphosphazene hybridized perovskite copper hydroxystannate microspheres effectively improve the flame retardant and mechanical properties of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Resin

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