Flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant properties of zinc borate and aluminum trihydrate-filled rigid PVC

Abstract

The effects of zinc borate (ZB), aluminum trihydrate (ATH), and their mixture on the flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as well as their mechanism for flame retardancy and smoke suppression were studied through the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, smoke density test, TGA, GC–MS, and SEM. The results show that incorporation of a small amount of ZB, ATH, and their mixture can greatly increase the LOI of PVC and reduce the smoke density of PVC during combustion. The mixture of ZB with ATH has a good synergistic effect on the flame retardance and smoke suppression of PVC. TGA and GC–MS analyses results show that incorporation of a small amount of ZB, ATH, and their mixture greatly promotes the char formation of PVC and decreases the amount of hazardous gases such as benzene and toluene released in PVC during combustion. Their mechanism is also proposed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 3119–3127, 2000

Synthesis of Zn2SnO4 using activated carbon as template and its flame retardant application in flexible poly (vinyl chloride)

“…It can be seen in Figure 3 that the thermal degradation of all the samples occurred in two steps, which were in good agreement with the results reported in the literature [12,13]. The first degradation step in the temperature range of 200-340°C could be attributed to the emission of hydrogen chloride and the degradation of DOP.…”

The Effect of Fire Retardants on the Flammability, Mechanical Properties, and Wettability of Co-Extruded PP-Based Wood-Plastic Composites

“…It has been reported that ATH is effective in the reduction of the heat rate release (HRR) and smoke propagation for (poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) polymer alone or in combination with zinc borate (ZB), showing a synergistic effect (Bourbigot et al 1999). Also, a mixture of ZB and ATH has shown a good synergistic effect on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PVC; thermal stability was significantly improved (Ning and Guo 2000). ATH has been found to be effective in the burning speed reduction of WPCs (García et al 2009).…”

“…They also form a glassy layer after the decomposition, which is a barrier for heat and volatiles transfer. ZB can be used alone or in combination with other retardants, supposing a synergistic effect (Ning and Guo 2000). Partial replacement of sisal by ZB or/and Mg(OH) 2 in a sisal/PP composite reduced the burning rate and increased the thermal stability; however, no synergistic effect was observed when Mg(OH) 2 and ZB were incorporated together (Suppakarn and Jarukumjorn 2009).…”

Synergistic effects of zinc borate and aluminium trihydroxide on flammability behaviour of aerospace epoxy system

“…In the presence of aluminium trihydroxide (ATH) or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ), this synergy can be augmented significantly [5]. Previous studies [6][7][8][9][10][11] have demonstrated that there are major advantages in using a combination of zinc borates with other flame retardants in several kinds of polymers (EVA, PVC, Polyamides, etc…). Furthermore, various authors [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] analyzed the fire and smoke behaviours of zinc borate and its synergist effect only in thermoplastic systems or in thermosetting bi-component matrices.…”