Flame retardant and antibacterial properties of PLA / PHMG‐P / APP composites

Conventional intumescent flame retardant (IFR) is comprised of multiple components (acid, carbon, and gas source). In comparison, “all‐in‐one” design of mono‐component IFR is effective to impart the homogeneity to functional sources in polymer matrix, which is significant to improve the synergy against combustion. In this work, a core‐shell structured mono‐component IFR (MAPP@FDS) are prepared with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and furfural‐derived Schiff base (FDS) and applied to modification of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). TPU composite with the as‐prepared mono‐component IFR (TPU/MAPP@FDS) exhibits V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 32.0%, with prominent bulkiness of carbonaceous layer. Cone calorimetry tests (CCTs) showed a significant reduction in total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (pHRR) for TPU/MAPP@FDS compared with the TPU composites with multi‐component IFR. By analyzing the morphology and composition of residual char, the flame‐retardant mechanism of TPU/MAPP@FDS is reasonably proposed. This work illustrates the superiority of the integration to prepare mono‐component IFR and provides a potential method in developing TPU composites with remarkable flame retardancy.Highlights TPU/MAPP@FDS achieves a LOI value of 32.0% and UL‐94 V‐0 rating. TPU/MAPP@FDS exhibits significantly enhanced flame retardancy compared with TPU composites incorporated multi‐component IFR. The synergy in multi‐component IFR is prominently strengthened.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of multi‐component and mono‐component intumescent flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane composites

Li,

Bi,

Chen

et al. 2024

“…As a practical example, polymer coatings and foams used in surface decoration or thermal insulation of buildings, are highly prone to flammability. As another example, intelligent design of stimuli‐responsive and shape memory polymers, which are known for their time‐dependent behavior, may also hold the key to our understanding of modern flame‐retardant systems—highlighting the need for engineering of polymer performance 24,25 . Hydrogels can be considered accordingly for their flame retardancy performance analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel and aerogel‐based flame‐retardant polymeric materials: A review

Vahabi,

Gholami,

Tomas

et al. 2023

Hydrogels are multifunctional engineering materials best known for their promising characteristics such as toughness, flexibility, water absorption capacity, and porosity. These features can support fire protection missions. Application of hydrogels as flame‐retardant materials is receiving much attention, such that several research and industrial projects have been devoted to design, manufacturing, and optimization of flame‐retardant hydrogels—taking a unique position among advanced multifunctional materials and strategies. Likewise, aerogels (derived from gels) due to their porous structure filled with a gas, usually air, rather than water in the case of hydrogels, have shown superior thermal insulation potential. Correspondingly, they have been used in fire and flame protection applications. In this work, the flame‐retardant hydrogels and aerogels along with mechanisms underlying their flame retardancy are reviewed. Besides classifying and interpreting the open literature on flame‐retardant hydrogels and aerogels, challenging aspects of future developments ahead of these advanced materials are highlighted.Highlights Briefly overviewed general features of hydrogels including synthesis and applications. Briefly overviewed principles of flame retardancy and flame‐retardant polymers. Reviewed and classified flame‐retardant hydrogels and aerogels as advanced materials. Summarized the latest advancements in flame‐retardant hydrogels and aerogels. Highlighted future fire protection by flame‐retardant hydrogels and aerogels.

“…The results showed that when the amount of ADCP and Nano‐Silica added was 12% and 5%, respectively, the LOI value of the composite material reached 35.2%, and it achieved a UL‐94 rating of V‐0. Liao et al 18 studied the synergistic flame retardant effect of poly(hexamethylene guanidine phosphate) (PHMGP) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on PLA. The results showed that adding a certain proportion of flame retardants (PHMGP:APP = 1:4) at 10% could increase the LOI value of the composite material to 31.7% and achieve a UL‐94 rating of V‐0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of aluminum bis(hydroxy‐phenyl‐methyl)phosphinate and its synergistic flame retardant mechanism in PLA

Xu,

Yang,

Wang

et al. 2023

In this paper, we report on the synthesis of a new aluminum bis(hydroxy‐phenyl‐methyl)phosphinate, AlBPi, under mild reaction conditions. The product structure was confirmed via characterization, and its thermal stability and flame retardant properties were assessed. To improve the flame retardant properties, we employed ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a synergist with AlBPi. The PLA composite material containing 10% AlBPi and 5% APP achieved an LOI of 28.1% and a UL‐94 rating of V‐1. Cone calorimetry tests showed a significant reduction in PHRR, THR, PSPR, and TSP for the PLA/AlBPi/APP composite compared to the pure and PLA/AlBPi materials. SEM analysis revealed a continuous and dense char layer on the residual surface of the synergistic flame retardant sample. AlBPi and APP exhibited excellent synergistic flame retardant effects, with both releasing a large amount of PO·free radicals. APP was also able to release inert gas, exhibiting excellent flame retardant effects in the gas phase. Additionally, APP improved the charring performance of AlBPi and formed a compact char layer on the material surface, achieving good flame retardant effects in the condensed phase. Therefore, the AlBPi and APP synergistic flame retardant system can be considered a viable flame retardant additive for PLA.Highlights A novel flame retardant AlBPi was synthesized. AlBPi and APP demonstrate good synergistic flame retardant performance in PLA. AlBPi and APP play a flame retardant role in both gas and condensed phases.