Flame retardancy of biodegradable polymers and biocomposites

Matkó, Sz; Toldy, Andrea; Keszei, S.; Anna, P.; Bertalan, György; Marosi, Gy.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.02.023

Cited by 124 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…showed an intermediate range of decomposition, which can be ascribed to the protecting effect of the sol-gel treatment on the fabrics, partially avoiding the acidic hydrolysis of cellulose [16,26,27]. This way, the temperature corresponding to 5% mass loss increased by 30 °C, compared to THF (from 210 °C to almost 240 °C).…”

Section: Tgamentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. This problem can be solved or moderated by using flame retarded biofibres combined with matrix containing flame retardant additive, by which way the polymer concentration of the matrix and thus its strength can maintained [16,17,18].In this work the idea of flame retarded reinforcement was adapted to epoxy resin composites, by combining it with P-containing crosslinking agent as reactive flame retardant in the matrix.Hemp fabrics were selected for forming flame retarded reinforcement and a P-containing amine [19,20] was applied as curing agent in the FR matrix composites. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Szolnoki

Bocz

Sóti

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Natural hemp fabric reinforced epoxy resin composites were prepared in flame retarded form.Fabrics were treated in three ways: the first method involved the immersion of preheated fabric into cold phosphoric acid solution (allowing penetration into the capillaries of the fibres) and subsequent neutralization, the second way was a reactive modification carried out with an aminosilane-type coupling agent, while the third treatment combined the sol-gel surface coating with the first method. The introduction of P-content into the reinforcing fibres resulted in decreased flammability of not only the hemp fabrics, but also of the flame retardancy of epoxy composites, comprising it changed advantageously. By applying aminetype phosphorus-containing curing agent (TEDAP) in combination with the treated fabrics, V-0 UL-94 rating was achieved. Composites of unexpectedly improved static and dynamic mechanical properties could be prepared only when the simple phosphorous fibre treatment and reactive flame retardancy was combined. . This problem can be solved or moderated by using flame retarded biofibres combined with matrix containing flame retardant additive, by which way the polymer concentration of the matrix and thus its strength can maintained [16,17,18].In this work the idea of flame retarded reinforcement was adapted to epoxy resin composites, by combining it with P-containing crosslinking agent as reactive flame retardant in the matrix.Hemp fabrics were selected for forming flame retarded reinforcement and a P-containing amine [19,20] was applied as curing agent in the FR matrix composites. Materials and methods MaterialsThe epoxy Fabric treatmentTwill woven hemp fabrics (HF) were washed with water to remove dust and impurities and then dried in oven at 70 °C for 12 h. The fibres were treated in three ways in order to render them flame retardant. In the first case, the so-called thermotex procedure [21] was applied.The high-temperature treatment of the fabrics allows better absorption of the treating solution to the capillaries of the fabric. For this purpose, the fabrics were preheated at 120 °C for 2 h, and then immersed in cold 17 mass% phosphoric acid solution for 5 min. The ratio of fabric to phosphoric acid solution was 1 g to 10 ml. As the acid may induce long-term degradation in cellulose fibre structure, it was neutralized by immersing the fabrics in 5% ammonium hydroxide solution. The excess of the treating and neutralizing solutions were removed by pressing the fabrics by a foulard. After treatment, the fabrics were dried in air. The amount of the absorbed phosphorus was determined by the mass increase of the treated fibres and by elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (see section 2.3.3). The mass increase of the THF fibres was 8 mass%, which means the absorption of 1.7 mass% of P (1.65 mass% by elemental analysis).In the other case, sol-gel treatment of the fabrics was carried out using Geniosil GF-9 aminetype silane. The fabrics were immersed in 10 mass% toluene solution...

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Section: Tgamentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Szolnoki

Bocz

Sóti

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…One of the solutions for that is biocomposites prepared with some fillers and biodegradable polymer [1][2][3][4] . Most of the biocomposites acquired from natural fibers and biodegradable polymers are produced by solvent evaporation or hot compression [5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt processing of polymer biocomposites

et al. 2015

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SbstractA coupled device extruder and injection moulding were used to prepare biocomposites in order to provide a continuous and large-scale production, and overcome the fiber degradation inside the extruder. Two types of biocomposites were prepared, Sisal/poly(buthylene adipate-co-terephthlate) -PBAT and Juta/poly(lactide acid)/poly(buthylene adipateco-terephthlate) blend. The biocomposites were prepared with fiber as-received and alkaline treated. The mechanical properties of biocomposites were increased by the fibers content; and the alkaline treatment was efficient to promote a good adhesion between fiber and polymer. In the case of the Juta fiber, the alkaline treatment used was too strong and led to fiber degradation. The results presented here show an alternative and continuous process to obtain biocomposites with relevant mechanical properties using fiber roving and avoiding fiber degradation.

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“…The research on flame retardancy of biodegradable composites in particular is a subject which was hardly studied until recently. The work of Matkó et al, where the use of ammonium polyphosphate in different biocomposites was reported [22], is worth mentioning as the pioneering study in this field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and fire retardancy of bidirectional reinforced composite based on biodegradable starch resin and basalt fibres

Wittek

Tanimoto²

2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Environmental problems caused by extensive use of polymeric materials arise mainly due to lack of landfill space and depletion of finite natural resources of fossil raw materials, such as petroleum or natural gas. The substitution of synthetic petroleum-based resins with natural biodegradable resins appears to be one appropriate measure to remedy the above-mentioned situation. This study presents the development of a composite that uses environmentally degradable starch-based resin as matrix and basalt fibre plain fabric as reinforcement. Prepreg sheets were manufactured by means of a modified doctor blade system and a hot power press. The sheets were used to manufacture bidirectional-reinforced specimens with fibre volume contents ranging from 33 to 61%. Specimens were tested for tensile and flexural strength, and exhibited values of up to 373 and 122 MPa, respectively. Through application of silane coupling agents to the reinforcement fibres, the flexural composite properties were subsequently improved by as much as 38%. Finally, in order to enhance the fire retardancy and hence the applicability of the composite, fire retardants were applied to the resin, and their effectiveness was tested by means of flame rating (according to UL 94) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively.

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Flame retardancy of biodegradable polymers and biocomposites

Cited by 124 publications

References 16 publications

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Melt processing of polymer biocomposites

Mechanical properties and fire retardancy of bidirectional reinforced composite based on biodegradable starch resin and basalt fibres

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