Flame propagation of nano/micron-sized aluminum particles and ice (ALICE) mixtures

Sundaram, Dilip Srinivas; Yang, Vigor; Connell, Terrence L.; Risha, Grant A.; Yetter, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.129

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A qualitatively similar effect was also observed for thermites, which contain metal and metal oxide particles [45]. A novel energetic material consisting of nano aluminum particles and water is currently being explored for propulsion and energy-conversion applications [46][47][48][49][50]. This mixture is especially attractive due to its simplicity, low cost, and green exhaust products.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Combustion of nano aluminum particles (Review)

Sundaram

Yang

Зарко

2015

Combust Explos Shock Waves

263

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Nano aluminum particles have received considerable attention in the combustion community; their physicochemical properties are quite favorable as compared with those of their micron-sized counterparts. The present work provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the field of combustion of nano aluminum particles. The effect of the Knudsen number on heat and mass transfer properties of particles is first examined. Deficiencies of the currently available continuum models for combustion of nano aluminum particles are highlighted. Key physicochemical processes of particle combustion are identified and their respective time scales are compared to determine the combustion mechanisms for different particle sizes and pressures. Experimental data from several sources are gathered to elucidate the effect of the particle size on the flame temperature of aluminum particles. The flame structure and the combustion modes of aluminum particles are examined for wide ranges of pressures, particle sizes, and oxidizers. Key mechanisms that dictate the combustion behaviors are discussed. Measured burning times of nano aluminum particles are surveyed. The effects of the pressure, temperature, particle size, and type and concentration of the oxidizer on the burning time are discussed. A new correlation for the burning time of nano aluminum particles is established. Major outstanding issues to be addressed in the future work are identified.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Combustion of nano aluminum particles (Review)

Sundaram

Yang

Зарко

2015

Combust Explos Shock Waves

263

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“…For example, Sabourin et al [23] have previously reported a decrease in conversion efficiency for low pressures for fuel lean 38 nm Al-water mixtures (ϕ 0.67). Theoretical and experimental data suggest that the combustion of Al-water mixtures is diffusion controlled [4,6,31].…”

Section: Pressure Mpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of Frozen Nanoaluminum and Water Mixtures

Risha¹,

Connell²,

Yetter³

et al. 2014

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Steady-state strand burner and laboratory-scale static fire motor experiments were used to determine the relative performance and viability of an environmentally friendly solid propellant composed of only nanoaluminum and frozen water. The nominal size of the nanoaluminum particles was 80 nm. The particles were homogeneously mixed with water to form pastes or colloids and then frozen. The measured parameters include burning rates, slag accumulation, thrust, and pressure. A system scaling study was performed to examine the effect of the size of the smallscale motors. The equivalence ratio was fixed at 0.71 for the strand burner and the laboratory-scale motor experiments. The effect of pressure on the linear burning rate was also examined. For an equivalence ratio of 0.71, the mixture exhibited a linear burning rate of 4.8 cm∕s at a pressure of 10.7 MPa and a pressure exponent of 0.79. Three motors of internal diameters in the range of 1.91-7.62 cm were studied. Grain configuration, nozzle throat diameter, and igniter strength were varied. The propellants were successfully ignited and combusted in each laboratory-scale motor, generating thrust levels above 992 N in the 7.62-cm-diam motor with a center-perforated grain configuration (7.62 cm length) and an expansion ratio of 10. For the 7.62 cm motor, combustion efficiency was 69%, whereas the specific impulse efficiency was 64%. Increased combustion efficiency and improved ease of ignition were observed at higher chamber pressures (greater than 8 MPa). Recent advances in nanosized energetic particles have enabled their use as major ingredients in propellants with enhanced properties and performance [17-23]. In the current investigation, the performance and viability of nanoaluminum (nAl) and ice (ALICE) propellants were examined. Safety tests such as electrostatic discharge, mechanical tensile tests, and impact tests have been performed and are reported elsewhere [24]. Both steady-state strand burner experiments and laboratory-scale hot-fire motor experiments were employed to obtain ballistics data. Linear and mass burning rates, slag accumulation, effect of motor size, thrust, and pressure

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“…e Kissinger method is one of the dominant methods in the maximum rate methods (peak methods) [25,26]. Based upon Kissinger method mentioned in equation ( 1), the plots of ln (β/T 2 ) vs. 1/T p at the peak temperature with the different Al particles size are constructed in Figure 9.…”

Section: Activation Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, the thickness of oxide layer can greatly reduce the purity of nano-Al powder, which is corresponding with the results of purity tests in Figure2. Namely, as for micron-level Al powder, the thickness of oxide layer has a very light proportion for Al powder[26,27]. e reduction of reactive Al purity in nano-Al particles could be one of the reasons for activation energy increase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Al Particles Size on the Thermal Behavior and Kinetics of Al-MnO₂ Thermite System

Song

Guo

Wen

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Micron-MnO2 powder has unique thermal decomposition process compared with other metal oxides, and the different characteristics of components in thermite could affect the thermal performance of the whole system directly. In this work, the Al powder with different three particle sizes was combined with micron-MnO2 to prepare the Al-MnO2 thermite system, and the effect of Al powder particle sizes on the whole thermal behavior was studied. Firstly, the thermal decomposition process of micron-MnO2 and purity of Al powder are tested by TG-DSC. By using ultrasonic dispersion method, the fuel-rich thermite samples were prepared and characterized by SEM and TG-DSC at different heating rates. The Kissinger method was also employed to calculate the activation energy for the first exothermic peak. It was found that the thermal decomposition process of MnO2 in the thermite system can be significantly disturbed by different Al particles size. In other words, the effect of Al particle sizes on the thermite can be magnified due to the unique decomposition properties of micron-MnO2 instead of onset temperature of exothermic reaction changing simply. The activation energy of thermite system decreased with the reduction of Al particle sizes in micron-level, while in nanolevel the activation energy markedly increased. Finally, the possible reasons for phenomenon were discussed.

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Flame propagation of nano/micron-sized aluminum particles and ice (ALICE) mixtures

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Combustion of nano aluminum particles (Review)

Combustion of nano aluminum particles (Review)

Combustion of Frozen Nanoaluminum and Water Mixtures

The Effect of Al Particles Size on the Thermal Behavior and Kinetics of Al-MnO₂ Thermite System

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Flame propagation of nano/micron-sized aluminum particles and ice (ALICE) mixtures

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Combustion of nano aluminum particles (Review)

Combustion of nano aluminum particles (Review)

Combustion of Frozen Nanoaluminum and Water Mixtures

The Effect of Al Particles Size on the Thermal Behavior and Kinetics of Al-MnO2 Thermite System

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Product

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The Effect of Al Particles Size on the Thermal Behavior and Kinetics of Al-MnO₂ Thermite System