Flame projection distance of horizontally oriented buoyant turbulent rectangular jet fires

Zhang, Xiaolei; Hu, Longhua; Zhang, Xiaochun; Tang, Fei; Jiang, Yong; Lin, Yujie

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.10.016

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The right‐hand side (RHS) of Equation reflects the unburnt fuel after impingement. For the horizontally oriented jet fire by rectangular fuel source, the new nondimensional heat release rate is proposed by Zhang and Hu in relation to the source orifice length and width, and considering impingement Equation can be transformed to the nondimensional form as follows:

\frac{h_{f}}{{normalℓ}_{l}} ~ f ((), \frac{V_{italicfu}}{V_{f}} \frac{Q}{ρ_{\infty} T_{\infty} c_{p} \sqrt{g} ((), W^{7 / 10} L^{3 / 10}) {normalℓ}_{l}^{3 / 2} true)})

The left‐hand side (LHS) of Equation reflects the nondimensional flame extension height; the RHS reflects the ratio of air entrainment needed to combust the unburnt fuel after impingement to the total air volume entrained in the unobstructed flame. In order to calculate V fu / V f , the flame envelope geometry hypothesis needs to be made first.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The agreement with the model by Gopalaswami is better than that with the model by Zhou, because the constant coefficient of Gopalaswami's model is larger than that of Zhou (23 > 22). The predictions by Zhang et al and Tao et al are lower because the flame length is underestimated when the orifice aspect ratio exceeds 1. This is because their correlations are based on small jet fire experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A line source model to calculate the radiant heat flux was developed. Zhang et al conducted a series of small‐scale experiments to investigate the horizontally oriented jet flame projection distance (defined as the distance from the nozzle exit to the furthest point of the flame in the horizontal direction) induced by rectangular fuel source. The aspect ratio (length to width) of rectangular nozzle varied from 1:1 to 71:1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And for horizontally oriented propane jet flame length, the following equation can be used.

\frac{{normalℓ}_{italiclf}}{D} = 22 {Fr}^{1 / 5}

A flame projection distance correlation for nonimpinging horizontally oriented buoyant turbulent rectangular jet fires has been developed by Zhang et al, expressed as follows:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Computational investigation of flame extension height for horizontally oriented rectangular source jet fires impinging on a vertical plate

Huang

Dong

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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Summary This paper investigates the flame extension height induced by a horizontally oriented rectangular source fire impinging on a vertical plate, which has rarely been reported in literature. Focusing on the scenarios with nonimpinging flame lengths that are comparable with or larger than the plate‐source distance, a series of numerical experiments were conducted, in which the exit velocities varied from 27.5 to 125 m/s and the orifice aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 4. Results show that the flame extension height increases with increasing exit velocity and becomes larger with increasing orifice aspect ratio at a given fuel exit velocity. New correlations are proposed to predict the flame extension height based on the unburnt fuel after impinging, assuming a kite flame shape of circular and elliptical cross section. Moreover, the new proposed correlations provide a general and practical basis for estimating the flame extension height of horizontally oriented rectangular source impinging jet fires.

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\frac{h_{f}}{{normalℓ}_{l}} ~ f ((), \frac{V_{italicfu}}{V_{f}} \frac{Q}{ρ_{\infty} T_{\infty} c_{p} \sqrt{g} ((), W^{7 / 10} L^{3 / 10}) {normalℓ}_{l}^{3 / 2} true)})

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And for horizontally oriented propane jet flame length, the following equation can be used.

\frac{{normalℓ}_{italiclf}}{D} = 22 {Fr}^{1 / 5}

A flame projection distance correlation for nonimpinging horizontally oriented buoyant turbulent rectangular jet fires has been developed by Zhang et al, expressed as follows:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Computational investigation of flame extension height for horizontally oriented rectangular source jet fires impinging on a vertical plate

Huang

Dong

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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show abstract

“…Another study on horizontal orientation was conducted from a release of propane through a rectangular nozzle with different aspect ratios where the new correlation was introduced for estimating the flame projection length. 11 It was demonstrated that as the heat release increases, the corresponding flame projection length increases. A proposed correlation of radiative fraction was developed based on flame Froude number that covers for hydrogen and hydrocarbon jet fires in subsonic and chocked flow regimes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Main geometrical features of horizontal buoyant jet fire and associated radiative fraction

Aziz

Kasmani

Samsudin

et al. 2019

Process Safety Progress

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High momentum release of jet fire can be very intense, and the released heat can be very high, depending on the source capacity. One of the key parameters in characterizing the jet fire is the radiative fraction. The previous study has correlated the radiative fraction to the source using a Froude number basis. Nevertheless, the flame mechanism and associated geometrical features gave significant effects on the global radiative heat flux to some extent. Therefore, the characterization of the main geometrical features, particularly on jet flame structures at higher momentum release conditions and its correlation with the radiative fraction, are valuable to be investigated. In this work, propane was used as fuel and released through a 9.8 mm circular nozzle with the exit velocities were set ranging between 27 and 65 m/s. It was found that the liftoff length estimation from this work is in a good agreement with the jet fire release under sub‐atmospheric pressure in a vertical orientation. Furthermore, the flame projected length and height were characterized by momentum‐driven length (L m) and buoyancy‐driven height (L b) by the dimensionless characteristics length (Ʌ). The experimental observations indicate that as the Ʌ ≥ 0.0001, the radiative fraction shows a decreasing trend.

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Numerical Investigation on Temperature Profile of Horizontally Oriented Subsonic Jet Fires with Square Fuel Source

Huang

Dong

2020

The Proceedings of 11th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology

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Flame projection distance of horizontally oriented buoyant turbulent rectangular jet fires

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

Computational investigation of flame extension height for horizontally oriented rectangular source jet fires impinging on a vertical plate

Computational investigation of flame extension height for horizontally oriented rectangular source jet fires impinging on a vertical plate

Main geometrical features of horizontal buoyant jet fire and associated radiative fraction

Numerical Investigation on Temperature Profile of Horizontally Oriented Subsonic Jet Fires with Square Fuel Source

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