Flame-Based Synthesis of Core-Shell Structures Using Pd-Ru and Pd Cores

Roller, Justin; Yu, Haoran; Vukmirovic, Miomir B.; Bliznakov, Stoyan; Kotula, Paul G.; Carter, C. Barry; Adžić, Radoslav R.; Marić, Radenka

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.113

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Application of the process to deposit catalyst is presented in more detail in other references. [21][22][23] In the RSDT process two methods drive the formation of core-shell nanoparticles. One method involves sequential precursor injections with controlled stoichiometry to manufacture the core-shell nanoparticles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pathways to ultra-low platinum group metal catalyst loading in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

et al. 2016

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Hydrogen is one of the world's most important chemicals, with global production of about 50 billion kg/yr. Currently, hydrogen is mainly produced from fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal, producing CO 2. Water electrolysis is a promising technology for fossilfree, CO 2-free hydrogen production. Proton exchange membrane (PEM)-based water electrolysis also eliminates the need for caustic electrolyte, and has been proven at megawatt scale. However, a major cost driver is the electrode, specifically the cost of electrocatalysts used to improve the reaction efficiency, which are applied at high loadings (>3 mg/cm 2 total platinum group metal (PGM) content). Core shell catalysts have shown improved activity for hydrogen production, enabling reduced catalyst loadings, while reactive spray deposition techniques (RSDT) have been demonstrated to enable manufacture of catalyst layers more uniformly and with higher repeatability than existing techniques. Core shell catalysts have also been fabricated with RSDT for fuel cell electrodes with good performance. Manufacturing and materials need to go hand in hand in order to successfully fabricate electrodes with ultra-low catalyst loadings (<0.5 mg/cm 2 total PGM content) without significant variation in performance. This paper describes the potential for these two technologies to work together to enable low cost PEM electrolysis systems.

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confidence: 99%

Pathways to ultra-low platinum group metal catalyst loading in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

et al. 2016

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“…Ability to control the substrate temperature from 20 to 1000 • C enables the use of a wide array of substrates [39]. We have successfully used RSDT for the synthesis of various nanomaterials [41,43,46,[48][49][50][51]. In our previous work, it had been shown that RSDT can be employed for the synthesis of WO 3 films with precise control of particle size, film morphology, and crystal structure [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RSDT is a subset of flame spray pyrolysis which was developed by Maric et al [39] for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This process can employ a broad selection of precursors [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] compared to conventional vapor-fed flame reactors. In RSDT, nanoparticles are generated in the flame, and then are either directly deposited on the substrate as a film or collected as a nanopowder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-low NO2 detection by gamma WO3 synthesized by Reactive Spray Deposition Technology

Jain

Lei

Marić

2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tA porous tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) NO 2 sensor was developed by a one-step flame based process called Reactive Spray Deposition Technology (RSDT). This nano-crystalline WO 3 film was deposited directly on gold interdigitated electrodes. The sensing characteristics of this NO 2 sensor was measured at the parts per million (ppm) level, (0.17-5 ppm in air) at 300 • C. The sensors showed a relatively fast response time (∼7s) and recovery time (∼5 min), respectively. The stability of the sensor was evaluated for 300 h in 0.5 ppm NO 2 at 300 • C in (2000 response-recovery cycles). The sensor was stable up to 6 days (∼150 h) of continuous operation and degraded between 150-300 h. The morphology and surface properties of the WO 3 film were investigated with XRD, Raman spectroscopy, BET, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM.

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“…For catalysis purposes special attention has been drawn to bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles, since such particles maximize the use and exposure of the catalytically active surface material. Apart from the obvious benefit of a core-shell structure, namely adding a bulk property such as reduction of particle mass while maintaining surface properties, it is believed that geometric effects, e.g., lattice strain, caused by the underlying structure play a key role in enhancing the catalytic properties of the surface metal [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decomposition of thermally unstable metal-organic precursors is another, relatively classical route that lately has been refined and tuned [4,7,15]. Furthermore, alloy nanoparticles can be treated, either thermally [16,17] or by adsorbates [6,18], in such a way that one metal component thermodynamically prefers to segregate to the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Determine the Core-Shell Nature in Bimetallic Catalyst Particles?

Westsson

Koper

2014

Catalysts

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Nanometer-sized materials have significantly different chemical and physical properties compared to bulk material. However, these properties do not only depend on the elemental composition but also on the structure, shape, size and arrangement. Hence, it is not only of great importance to develop synthesis routes that enable control over the final structure but also characterization strategies that verify the exact nature of the nanoparticles obtained. Here, we consider the verification of contemporary synthesis strategies for the preparation of bimetallic core-shell particles in particular in relation to potential particle structures, such as partial absence of core, alloying and raspberry-like surface. It is discussed what properties must be investigated in order to fully confirm a covering, pinhole free shell and which characterization techniques can provide such information. Not uncommonly, characterization strategies of core-shell particles rely heavily on visual imaging like transmission electron microscopy. The strengths and weaknesses of various techniques based on scattering, diffraction, transmission and absorption for investigating core-shell particles are discussed and, in particular, cases where structural ambiguities still remain will be highlighted. Our main conclusion is that for particles with extremely thin or mono-layered shells-i.e., structures outside the limitation of most imaging techniques-other strategies, not involving spectroscopy or imaging, are to be employed. We will provide a specific example of Fe-Pt core-shell particles prepared in bicontinuous microemulsion and point out the difficulties that arise in the characterization process of such particles. OPEN ACCESSCatalysts 2014, 4 376

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Flame-Based Synthesis of Core-Shell Structures Using Pd-Ru and Pd Cores

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Pathways to ultra-low platinum group metal catalyst loading in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

Pathways to ultra-low platinum group metal catalyst loading in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

Ultra-low NO2 detection by gamma WO3 synthesized by Reactive Spray Deposition Technology

How to Determine the Core-Shell Nature in Bimetallic Catalyst Particles?

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