Flake variation in relation to the application of force

Magnani, Matthew; Režek, Željko; Lin, Sam C.; Chan, Annie; Dibble, Harold L.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.02.029

Cited by 101 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This requires mastery of relationships, for example between the force and location of the strike and the morphology, positioning, and support of the core (29,38,39), that are not perceptually available to naïve observers and cannot be directly communicated as semantic knowledge. Attempts to implement semantic knowledge of knapping strategies before perceptualmotor skill development are ineffective at best (40,41), and such knowledge decays rapidly along knapping transmission chains when practice time is limited, even if explicit verbal teaching is allowed (27).…”

Section: High-fidelity Social Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary neuroscience of cumulative culture

Stout

Hecht

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

130

154

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Culture suffuses all aspects of human life. It shapes our minds and bodies and has provided a cumulative inheritance of knowledge, skills, institutions, and artifacts that allows us to truly stand on the shoulders of giants. No other species approaches the extent, diversity, and complexity of human culture, but we remain unsure how this came to be. The very uniqueness of human culture is both a puzzle and a problem. It is puzzling as to why more species have not adopted this manifestly beneficial strategy and problematic because the comparative methods of evolutionary biology are ill suited to explain unique events. Here, we develop a more particularistic and mechanistic evolutionary neuroscience approach to cumulative culture, taking into account experimental, developmental, comparative, and archaeological evidence. This approach reconciles currently competing accounts of the origins of human culture and develops the concept of a uniquely human technological niche rooted in a shared primate heritage of visuomotor coordination and dexterous manipulation.brain evolution | cultural evolution | archaeology | imitation

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Section: High-fidelity Social Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary neuroscience of cumulative culture

Stout

Hecht

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

130

154

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“…Machine flaking has provided valuable insights into some potential causal variables that govern stone-tool fracture mechanics at the level of individual flakes 2 (e.g. Dibble 1997Dibble , 1998Dibble and Pelcin 1995;Dibble and Rezek 2009;Dibble and Whittaker 1981;Magnani et al 2014;Pelcin 1997aPelcin , 1997bPelcin , 1997cPelcin , 1998Rezek et al 2011), but it would be a mistake to assume machine-flaking experiments are automatically superior to human ones or vice versa. Certain variables such as "force of blow" or "angle of blow" can be measured or observed more easily through machine flaking than through human flaking, but the design of the machine itself may introduce variables whose effects on stone fracture relative to what is present in the archaeological record are unclear.…”

Section: What Is Stone-tool Replication?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Test, Model, and Method Validation: The Role of Experimental Stone Artifact Replication in Hypothesis-driven Archaeology

et al. 2016

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“…These variables include platform attributes Dibble 1997;Muller and Clarkson 2014;Patterson 1981;Pelcin 1997c;, billet type (Driscoll and García-Rojas 2014;Muller and Clarkson 2016a see S1 Text;Pelcin 1997b;Schindler and Koch 2012;Wenban-Smith 1989), strike velocity (Dibble and Pelcin 1995), and core morphology (Pelcin 1997a;Rezek et al 2011). There are also those who explore the complex interplay among these variables (Dibble and Rezek 2009;Dibble and Whittaker 1981;Magnani et al 2014). …”

Section: Recent Applications Of Experimental Knappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1972; 1974; 1975) and Faulkner (1972; revealing key aspects of fracture mechanics. More recent work makes use of a mechanised flaking apparatus to tightly control the influence of the variables involved in knapping (Dibble 1997;Dibble and Pelcin 1995;Dibble and Rezek 2009;Dibble and Whittaker 1981;Magnani et al 2014;Pelcin 1997a;1997b;1997c;Rezek et al 2011). Although such controlled experiments have been criticised for their removal from natural knapping conditions (Tsirk 1974), most of these criticisms were levelled specifically at Speth (1972).…”

Section: Recent Applications Of Experimental Knappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between platform variables and original flake size was originally exploited by Dibble and Whittaker (1981), and much subsequent attention has been directed at confirming and refining our understanding of this relationship (Braun et al 2008a;Clarkson and Hiscock 2011;Davis and Shea 1998;Dibble 1995;Dibble and Pelcin 1995;Dibble and Rezek 2009;Dogandžić et al 2015;Lin et al 2013;Magnani et al 2014;Muller and Clarkson 2014;Pelcin 1997a;1997b;1997c;Rezek et al 2011;Shott et al 2000). By creating a linear regression between platform measurements and original flake mass, predictive equations can be developed to estimate the original mass of flakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of experimental knapping in empirically testing key themes in the evolution of lithic technology: reduction intensity, efficiency and behavioural complexity

Muller¹

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Experimental knapping has complimented and stimulated lithic analyses for over a century.Throughout this period, the discipline has witnessed an increase in the scientific rigour and theoretical grounding with which these studies are conducted. This thesis charts these key trends and in doing so establishes a best-practice model of experimental knapping, the veracity of which is in turn tested using four new lithic experiments. These case-studies employ experimental knapping to advance our understanding of flake platform measurement, reduction intensity, technological efficiency, and behavioural complexity.The first case-study, Chapter 3, offers a more accurate and precise calliper-based method of flake platform measurement that relies on simple geometric approximations of platform shape rather than the inflexible and unreliable existing method of multiplying platform width by thickness. In Chapter 4, a new reduction intensity metric for backed blades, a hitherto overlooked tool-type, is developed and tested on the backed blades from an early Neolithic site in Turkey. This new metric allows a reconstruction of the raw material consumption patterns at the site, finding that the backed blades These four case-studies, coupled with a consideration of existing knapping experiments, allow an understanding of how experimental knapping is embedded in the broader archaeological research process, and ultimately tests the efficacy of a best-practice model of experimental knapping. This model identifies the initial scope, methodological control, and breadth of interpretations as the key variables dictating the validity of an experiment. While knapping experiments may differ markedly in their scope and control, they do not necessarily vary in their validity. Instead, it is the interplay of these variables that dictates the validity of experimentation. Within this best-practice model, lithic experiments are most robust when the scale of the initial scope, methodological control and ensuing interpretations are congruent, and when they involve explicit and falsifiable hypothesis testing.iii

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Flake variation in relation to the application of force

Cited by 101 publications

References 43 publications

Evolutionary neuroscience of cumulative culture

Evolutionary neuroscience of cumulative culture

Test, Model, and Method Validation: The Role of Experimental Stone Artifact Replication in Hypothesis-driven Archaeology

The role of experimental knapping in empirically testing key themes in the evolution of lithic technology: reduction intensity, efficiency and behavioural complexity

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