Flagellar regeneration in the scaly green flagellateTetraselmis striata (Prasinophyceae): regeneration kinetics and effect of inhibitors

Reize, I. B.; Melkonian, Michael

doi:10.1007/bf02364697

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The two genera (Scherffelia is a freshwater genus, whereas most Tetraselmis species are marine) represent excellent model systems for the study of scale formation in algae and Golgi apparatus function in lower plants in general (reviews: Melkonian et al, , 1988. The algae can be grown in mass cultures in defined media, their cell cycle can be synchronized (Reize and Melkonian, 1987;Ricketts, 1977Ricketts, , 1979; flagellar scales and cell walls can be separately isolated in large quantities without disrupting cell viability, and scale formation can be experimentally induced (for flagellar scales by flagellar shedding and regeneration; McFadden and .…”

Section: Scale Formation In Tetraselmismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flagellar scale formation and theca formation in Tetraselmis and Scherffelia differ in detail from each other and are therefore best described separately. During flagellar regeneration (for kinetic data and inhibitor experiments, see Reize and Melkonian, 1987), a full complement of scales is synthesized and deposited on the flagellar membrane within 3 hours. The GA of S. clubia comprises two Golgi bodies located parabasal on either side of the nuclear surface (Melkonian and Preisig, 1986).…”

Section: Scale Formation In Tetraselmismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scale formation in algae

Melkonian

Becker

1991

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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Scale biogenesis in algae represents a unique model system to study the transport of secretory macromolecules through the Golgi apparatus (GA) and their exocytosis. The larger scales can be visualized in the light microscope, and thus the kinetics of scale assembly, transport, and secretion can be studied in vivo. In addition, scales are osmiophilic and readily visible in conventional transmission electron microscopy; thus, details of scale assembly and sorting can be studied without invoking immunolabeling techniques. The following are distinctive features of scale biogenesis in algae: 1) transport of scales through the GA-stack occurs by cisternal progression; 2) scale secretion may be very rapid (in some cases a single GA-cisterna leaves the stack every 15-20 s); 3) sorting of different scale types does not occur in the GA, but in a post-GA-compartment. Recent progress in the analysis of scale formation in the green flagellates Tetraselmis and Scherffelia is reviewed.

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Section: Scale Formation In Tetraselmismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scale Formation In Tetraselmismentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale formation in algae

Melkonian

Becker

1991

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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“…The same observation was made some time ago from¯agellar regeneration experiments on Pyramimonas (McFadden and Wetherbee 1985) and Tetraselmis (Reize and Melkonian 1987). In both studies, it was concluded that newly synthesized glycoproteins are required for complete¯agellar regeneration but that a pool of glycoproteins exists and can be used to allow partial¯agellar regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

The Golgi apparatus of the scaly green flagellate Scherffelia dubia : uncoupling of glycoprotein and polysaccharide synthesis during flagellar regeneration

Perasso

Grunow

Bruntrup

et al. 2000

Planta

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The flagella of the green alga Scherffelia dubia are covered by scales which consist of acidic polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Experimental deflagellation results in the regeneration of flagella complete with scales. During flagellar regeneration, scales are newly synthesized in the Golgi apparatus, exocytosed and deposited on the growing flagella. Flagellar regeneration is dependent upon protein synthesis and N-glycosylation, as it is blocked by cycloheximide and partially inhibited by tunicamycin. Metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine/cysteine demonstrated that scale-associated proteins were not newly synthesized during flagellar regeneration, suggesting that the proteins deposited on regenerating flagella were drawn from a pool. Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy using a monospecific antibody directed against a scale-associated protein of 126 kDa (SAP126) revealed that the pool of SAP126 was primarily located at the plasma membrane, with minor labeling of the scale reticulum and trans-Golgi cisternae, both before deflagellation and during flagellar regeneration. Since SAP126 was sequestered during flagellar regeneration into secretory vesicles together with newly synthesized scales, it is concluded that the persistent presence of SAP126 in the trans-Golgi cisternae during scale biogenesis requires retrograde transport of the protein from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus.

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“…Prasinophyceaen and Chlorophyceaen species utilize N-linked glycoprotein, for example, in flagella. Hence, the missing glucosylation is apparently not a problem for correct transfer to target protein in these species [82], [83].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Classification, Naming and Evolutionary History of Glycosyltransferases from Sequenced Green and Red Algal Genomes

et al. 2013

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The Archaeplastida consists of three lineages, Rhodophyta, Virideplantae and Glaucophyta. The extracellular matrix of most members of the Rhodophyta and Viridiplantae consists of carbohydrate-based or a highly glycosylated protein-based cell wall while the Glaucophyte covering is poorly resolved. In order to elucidate possible evolutionary links between the three advanced lineages in Archaeplastida, a genomic analysis was initiated. Fully sequenced genomes from the Rhodophyta and Virideplantae and the well-defined CAZy database on glycosyltransferases were included in the analysis. The number of glycosyltransferases found in the Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta are generally much lower then in land plants (Embryophyta). Three specific features exhibited by land plants increase the number of glycosyltransferases in their genomes: (1) cell wall biosynthesis, the more complex land plant cell walls require a larger number of glycosyltransferases for biosynthesis, (2) a richer set of protein glycosylation, and (3) glycosylation of secondary metabolites, demonstrated by a large proportion of family GT1 being involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In a comparative analysis of polysaccharide biosynthesis amongst the taxa of this study, clear distinctions or similarities were observed in (1) N-linked protein glycosylation, i.e., Chlorophyta has different mannosylation and glucosylation patterns, (2) GPI anchor biosynthesis, which is apparently missing in the Rhodophyta and truncated in the Chlorophyta, (3) cell wall biosynthesis, where the land plants have unique cell wall related polymers not found in green and red algae, and (4) O-linked glycosylation where comprehensive orthology was observed in glycosylation between the Chlorophyta and land plants but not between the target proteins.

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Flagellar regeneration in the scaly green flagellateTetraselmis striata (Prasinophyceae): regeneration kinetics and effect of inhibitors

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Scale formation in algae

Scale formation in algae

The Golgi apparatus of the scaly green flagellate Scherffelia dubia : uncoupling of glycoprotein and polysaccharide synthesis during flagellar regeneration

Classification, Naming and Evolutionary History of Glycosyltransferases from Sequenced Green and Red Algal Genomes

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